Misra Ravi S, Nayak Jennifer L
Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, The University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
Pathogens. 2019 Nov 26;8(4):265. doi: 10.3390/pathogens8040265.
Influenza virus infection is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in the pediatric and pregnant women populations, with deaths frequently caused by severe influenza-associated lower respiratory tract infection and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). An appropriate immune response requires controlling the viral infection through activation of antiviral defenses, which involves cells of the lung and immune system. High levels of viral infection or high levels of inflammation in the lower airways can contribute to ARDS. Pregnant women and young children, especially those born prematurely, may develop serious complications if infected with influenza virus. Vaccination against influenza will lead to lower infection rates and fewer complications, even if the vaccine is poorly matched to circulating viral strains, with maternal vaccination offering infants protection via antibody transmission through the placenta and breast milk. Despite the health benefits of the influenza vaccine, vaccination rates around the world remain well below targets. Trust in the use of vaccines among the public must be restored in order to increase vaccination rates and decrease the public health burden of influenza.
流感病毒感染在儿童和孕妇群体中会导致严重的发病和死亡，死亡通常由严重的流感相关下呼吸道感染和急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）引起。适当的免疫反应需要通过激活抗病毒防御来控制病毒感染，这涉及肺部和免疫系统的细胞。下呼吸道的高水平病毒感染或高水平炎症会导致ARDS。孕妇和幼儿，尤其是早产婴儿，如果感染流感病毒，可能会出现严重并发症。接种流感疫苗将降低感染率并减少并发症，即使疫苗与流行的病毒株匹配不佳，母体接种疫苗也能通过胎盘和母乳中的抗体传递为婴儿提供保护。尽管流感疫苗有健康益处，但全球的接种率仍远低于目标。必须恢复公众对疫苗使用的信任，以提高接种率并减轻流感的公共卫生负担。
