Palmero D, Iglesias C, de Cara M, Lomas T, Santos M, Tello J C
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, EUIT Agrícola, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
Universidad de Almería, Dpto. Producción Vegetal, Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120-Almería, Spain.
Plant Dis. 2009 Apr;93(4):377-385. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-93-4-0377.
Species of Fusarium were isolated from water samples collected from the Andarax River and coastal sea water of the Mediterranean in Granada and Almería provinces of southeastern Spain. In total, 18 water samples were analyzed from the Andarax River, and 10 species of Fusarium were isolated: Fusarium anthophilum, F. acuminatum, F. chlamydosporum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. verticillioides, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, and F. sambucinum. In addition, five species were isolated from 33 sea water samples from the Mediterranean Sea: F. equiseti, F. verticillioides, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, and F. solani. When considering the samples by their origins, 77.8% of the river water samples yielded at least one species of Fusarium, with F. oxysporum comprising 72.2% of the total isolates. In the case of marine water, 45.5% of the samples yielded at least one species of Fusarium, with F. solani comprising 36.3% of the total isolates. The pathogenicity of 41 isolates representing nine of the species collected from river and sea water during the study was evaluated on barley, kohlrabi, melon, and tomato. Inoculation with F. acuminatum, F. chlamydosporum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. verticillioides, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum F. solani, and F. sambucinum resulted in pre- and post-emergence damping off. Pathogenicity of Fusarium isolates did not seem to be related to the origin of the isolates (sea water or fresh water). However, the presence of pathogenic species of Fusarium in river water flowing to the sea could indicate long-distance dispersal in natural water environments.
镰刀菌属的菌种是从西班牙东南部格拉纳达省和阿尔梅里亚省的安达克斯河以及地中海沿岸海水中采集的水样中分离出来的。总共对安达克斯河的18份水样进行了分析，分离出了10种镰刀菌：嗜花镰刀菌、锐顶镰刀菌、厚垣孢子镰刀菌、禾谷镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌、轮枝镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、层出镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌和接骨木镰刀菌。此外，从地中海的33份海水中分离出了5种镰刀菌：木贼镰刀菌、轮枝镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、层出镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌。按样本来源考虑，77.8%的河水样本至少分离出一种镰刀菌，其中尖孢镰刀菌占分离菌株总数的72.2%。对于海水样本，45.5%的样本至少分离出一种镰刀菌，其中茄病镰刀菌占分离菌株总数的36.3%。对研究期间从河水和海水中采集的代表9个菌种的41株分离株在大麦、大头菜、甜瓜和番茄上进行了致病性评估。接种锐顶镰刀菌、厚垣孢子镰刀菌、禾谷镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌、轮枝镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、层出镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌和接骨木镰刀菌均导致种子萌发前和萌发后的猝倒病。镰刀菌分离株的致病性似乎与分离株的来源（海水或淡水）无关。然而，流入大海的河水中存在致病性镰刀菌种可能表明在自然水环境中有远距离传播。
