EUIT Agrícola, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Jan;38(1):13-20. doi: 10.1007/s10295-010-0831-5. Epub 2010 Sep 5.
In order to determine the presence of Fusarium spp. in atmospheric dust and rainfall dust, samples were collected during September 2007, and July, August, and October 2008. The results reveal the prevalence of airborne Fusarium species coming from the atmosphere of the South East coast of Spain. Five different Fusarium species were isolated from the settling dust: Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. equiseti, F. dimerum, and F. proliferatum. Moreover, rainwater samples were obtained during significant rainfall events in January and February 2009. Using the dilution-plate method, 12 fungal genera were identified from these rainwater samples. Specific analyses of the rainwater revealed the presence of three species of Fusarium: F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. equiseti. A total of 57 isolates of Fusarium spp. obtained from both rainwater and atmospheric rainfall dust sampling were inoculated onto melon (Cucumis melo L.) cv. Piñonet and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. San Pedro. These species were chosen because they are the main herbaceous crops in Almeria province. The results presented in this work indicate strongly that spores or propagules of Fusarium are able to cross the continental barrier carried by winds from the Sahara (Africa) to crop or coastal lands in Europe. Results show differences in the pathogenicity of the isolates tested. Both hosts showed root rot when inoculated with different species of Fusarium, although fresh weight measurements did not bring any information about the pathogenicity. The findings presented above are strong indications that long-distance transmission of Fusarium propagules may occur. Diseases caused by species of Fusarium are common in these areas. They were in the past, and are still today, a problem for greenhouses crops in Almería, and many species have been listed as pathogens on agricultural crops in this region. Saharan air masses dominate the Mediterranean regions. The evidence of long distance dispersal of Fusarium spp. by atmospheric dust and rainwater together with their proved pathogenicity must be taken into account in epidemiological studies.
为了确定 Fusarium spp. 是否存在于大气尘埃和降雨尘埃中，于 2007 年 9 月以及 2008 年 7 月、8 月和 10 月采集了样本。结果表明，来自西班牙东南海岸大气的空气传播 Fusarium 物种很普遍。从沉降尘埃中分离出五种不同的 Fusarium 物种：Fusarium oxysporum、F. solani、F. equiseti、F. dimerum 和 F. proliferatum。此外，在 2009 年 1 月和 2 月的大雨事件期间获得了雨水样本。使用稀释平板法，从这些雨水样本中鉴定出 12 种真菌属。对雨水的具体分析显示，存在三种 Fusarium 物种：F. oxysporum、F. proliferatum 和 F. equiseti。从雨水和大气降雨尘埃采样中总共获得了 57 株 Fusarium spp. 分离株，接种到甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.）cv. Piñonet 和番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）cv. San Pedro。选择这些物种是因为它们是阿尔梅里亚省的主要草本作物。这项工作的结果表明，来自撒哈拉（非洲）的风携带的 Fusarium 孢子或繁殖体能够跨越大陆屏障，传播到欧洲的作物或沿海地区。结果表明，测试的分离株的致病性存在差异。当用不同的 Fusarium 物种接种时，两种宿主都显示出根腐病，尽管新鲜重量测量没有提供有关致病性的任何信息。上述发现强烈表明， Fusarium 繁殖体的长距离传播可能发生。在这些地区，由 Fusarium 物种引起的疾病很常见。过去是，今天仍然是，阿尔梅里亚温室作物的一个问题，许多物种已被列为该地区农业作物的病原体。撒哈拉空气团主导着地中海地区。必须在流行病学研究中考虑到通过大气尘埃和雨水传播的 Fusarium spp. 的远距离传播及其已证明的致病性。
