Sezione di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, 90134 Palermo, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno-Infantile, di Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. D'Alessandro", Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Feb 5;20(3):685. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030685.
The outcome of host-virus interactions is determined by a number of factors, some related to the virus, others to the host, such as environmental factors and genetic factors. Therefore, different individuals vary in their relative susceptibility to infections. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen from a clinical point of view, as it causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed or immunosenescent individuals, such as the transplanted patients and the elderly, respectively. It is, therefore, important to understand the mechanisms of virus infection control. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the immunobiology of HCMV-host interactions, with particular emphasis on the immunogenetic aspects (human leukocyte antigens, HLA; killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, KIRs; immunoglobulin genetic markers, GM allotypes) to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the complex host-virus interaction that determine various outcomes of HCMV infection. The results, which show the role of humoral and cellular immunity in the control of infection by HCMV, would be valuable in directing efforts to reduce HCMV spurred health complications in the transplanted patients and in the elderly, including immunosenescence. In addition, concerning GM allotypes, it is intriguing that, in a Southern Italian population, alleles associated with the risk of developing HCMV symptomatic infection are negatively associated with longevity.
宿主-病毒相互作用的结果取决于许多因素，有些与病毒有关，有些与宿主有关，如环境因素和遗传因素。因此，不同个体对感染的相对易感性存在差异。人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）从临床角度来看是一种重要的病原体，因为它会导致免疫抑制或免疫衰老个体（如移植患者和老年人）出现显著的发病率和死亡率。因此，了解病毒感染控制的机制非常重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 HCMV-宿主相互作用的免疫生物学的最新进展，特别强调了免疫遗传学方面（人类白细胞抗原，HLA；杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体，KIR；免疫球蛋白遗传标记，GM 同种型），以阐明决定 HCMV 感染各种结果的复杂宿主-病毒相互作用的机制。这些结果表明，体液和细胞免疫在控制 HCMV 感染方面的作用，对于指导减少移植患者和老年人（包括免疫衰老）中由 HCMV 引发的健康并发症的努力将具有重要价值。此外，关于 GM 同种型，有趣的是，在意大利南部的一个人群中，与发生 HCMV 症状性感染风险相关的等位基因与长寿呈负相关。
