Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Environ Health Prev Med. 2019 Feb 14;24(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s12199-019-0765-0.
Occupational skin diseases are the second most common occupational diseases and are responsible for an estimated 25% of all lost work days. Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) comprises 70-90% of all occupational skin diseases. In Ethiopia, information about the prevalence and factors which determine developments of contact dermatitis is not recognized. The objective of this study was to investigate prevalence and factors influencing the occurrences of occupational-related contact dermatitis among healthcare workers in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia.
We employed a healthcare-based cross-sectional study from March to April 2018. A stratified sampling method followed by simple random sampling method was used to select 422 participants. The standardized Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire was pretested and interviewer-administered for data collection. We used SPSS version 20 to conduct a binary logistic regression analysis. We set ≤ 0.05 p value to ascertain significance and 95% CI with odds ratios to evaluate the strength of associations.
Response rate was 100%. The majority, 52.4% (N = 221), were males. The mean age was 22.6 (SD ± 6.3) years. The overall prevalence of self-report occupational contact dermatitis in the previous 12 months was 31.5% (N = 133) [95% CI (27, 36.2)]. The highest symptoms indicated was redness, 28.5% (n = 38), followed by burning, 17.3% (n = 23). The hand is the most commonly affected body sites, 22% (N = 93). Hand washing frequency [AOR 1.80, 95% CI (1.10, 3.20)], pairs of hand gloves used per day [AOR 3.22, 95% CI (2.05, 5.87)], personal history of allergy [AOR 2.37, 95% CI (1.32, 4.61)], and lack of health and safety training [AOR 2.12, 95% CI (1.12, 2.25)] were factors considerably associated with contact dermatitis.
The prevalence of occupational-induced contact dermatitis is common among healthcare workers in Ethiopia. Therefore, our finding indicates that intervention aiming at workers' health and safety training demands urgent public health responses to tackle the ailment. The result also demonstrates that healthcare workers should be aware of when and how hands should be washed. The number of pairs of gloves used per day should also be taken into consideration while devising prevention strategies.
职业性皮肤病是第二常见的职业病，约占所有工作日缺勤的 25%。职业性接触性皮炎（OCD）占所有职业性皮肤病的 70-90%。在埃塞俄比亚，关于接触性皮炎的患病率和决定其发展的因素的信息尚未得到认可。本研究旨在调查戈德镇（埃塞俄比亚西北部）医护人员职业相关接触性皮炎的患病率和影响因素。
我们于 2018 年 3 月至 4 月进行了一项基于医疗保健的横断面研究。采用分层抽样法，然后采用简单随机抽样法选择了 422 名参与者。使用标准化的北欧职业性皮肤问卷进行预测试和访谈员管理，以收集数据。我们使用 SPSS 版本 20 进行二元逻辑回归分析。我们设定 ≤0.05p 值以确定显著性，并使用优势比评估关联强度。
应答率为 100%。大多数（52.4%，N=221）为男性。平均年龄为 22.6（标准差±6.3）岁。过去 12 个月自我报告职业性接触性皮炎的总患病率为 31.5%（N=133）[95%CI（27，36.2）]。症状最明显的是发红，占 28.5%（n=38），其次是烧灼感，占 17.3%（n=23）。最常受影响的身体部位是手，占 22%（N=93）。洗手频率[AOR 1.80，95%CI（1.10，3.20）]、每天使用的手套对数[AOR 3.22，95%CI（2.05，5.87）]、个人过敏史[AOR 2.37，95%CI（1.32，4.61）]和缺乏健康和安全培训[AOR 2.12，95%CI（1.12，2.25）]与接触性皮炎有显著关联。
在埃塞俄比亚的医护人员中，职业性接触性皮炎的患病率很高。因此，我们的研究结果表明，需要针对工人的健康和安全培训采取干预措施，以应对这一疾病。研究结果还表明，医护人员应该知道何时以及如何洗手。在制定预防策略时，还应考虑每天使用的手套对数。
