坦桑尼亚农村青少年的社会凝聚力、社会信任、社会参与和性行为。
Social cohesion, social trust, social participation and sexual behaviors of adolescents in rural Tanzania.
机构信息
Department of Public Health, St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O.Box 175, Ifakara, Tanzania.
Department of Economics, University of Malawi, Chancellor College, P. O Box, 280, Zomba, Malawi.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2019 Feb 14;19(1):193. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6428-7.
BACKGROUND
Social cohesion, defined as a glue holding society together, has been found to influence several aspects of human behavior. Social cohesion, being composed of social trust and social participation, is a social factor that may influence sexual behaviors. Unfortunately, studies investigating the influence of social cohesion on sexual behaviors among young people are scarce. This study examined the influence of social cohesion on safe sexual behavior among adolescents in rural Tanzania.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 school adolescents of the Newala district, between May and August 2010. Socio-demographic characteristics, social cohesion (social trust and social participation) and sexual behavior (age at sexual debut, intention to use and reported condom use, number of sexual partners) were obtained through self-administered questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression.
RESULTS
Sexual debut at under 13 years of age was reported by 12% of the respondent. A majority (71%) reported multiple sexual partnerships and half of the participants reported to have used a condom at their last sexual encounter. The intention to use a condom was reported by 77% of the respondents. Having multiple sexual partnerships was associated with social trust only (odds ratio: 3.5, 95% CI 1.01-12.3) whereas reported condom use was related with social cohesion (odds ratio 4.8 95% CI 1.66-14.06). Social cohesion, trust or participation was not associated with young age at sexual debut or intention to use a condom. Being a female (odds ratio 2.07 95% CI 1.04-4.12.) was associated with intention to use a condom.
CONCLUSION
This study indicates that social cohesion and socio-demographic factors influence actual behavior performance and behavioral intentions. The findings point to the importance of collecting more evidence on social cohesion and sexual behaviors in different settings and designing interventions that enhance social cohesion among adolescents in order to reinforce positive sexual behaviors.
背景
社会凝聚力，即维系社会的黏合剂，已被发现影响人类行为的多个方面。社会凝聚力由社会信任和社会参与构成，是可能影响性行为的社会因素。遗憾的是，研究社会凝聚力对青少年性行为影响的研究很少。本研究调查了坦桑尼亚农村地区社会凝聚力对青少年安全性行为的影响。
方法
2010 年 5 月至 8 月，在新拉勒区对 403 名学校青少年进行了横断面研究。通过自填式问卷获取社会人口特征、社会凝聚力（社会信任和社会参与）和性行为（首次性行为年龄、使用意愿和报告的避孕套使用情况、性伴侣数量）信息。数据分析采用描述性统计和二项逻辑回归。
结果
12%的受访者报告在 13 岁以下发生初次性行为。大多数（71%）报告有多个性伴侣，一半的参与者报告上次性行为使用了避孕套。77%的受访者表示有意使用避孕套。有多个性伴侣仅与社会信任相关（优势比：3.5，95%置信区间 1.01-12.3），而报告的避孕套使用与社会凝聚力相关（优势比 4.8，95%置信区间 1.66-14.06）。社会凝聚力、信任或参与与初次性行为年龄较小或使用避孕套的意愿无关。女性（优势比 2.07，95%置信区间 1.04-4.12）与使用避孕套的意愿相关。
结论
本研究表明，社会凝聚力和社会人口因素影响实际行为表现和行为意图。研究结果表明，需要在不同环境中收集更多关于社会凝聚力和性行为的证据，并设计增强青少年社会凝聚力的干预措施，以加强积极的性行为。
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