National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 14;9(1):2082. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38567-x.
Over-exploitation of groundwater and marked changes in climate over the years have imposed immense pressure on the global groundwater resources. As demand of potable water increases across the globe for human consumption, agriculture and industrial uses, the need to evaluate the groundwater potential and productivity of aquifers also increases. In the recent years, geographic information system based studies have gained much prominence in groundwater exploration because it is rapid and will provide first - hand information on the resource for further developments. Therefore, the present study has been undertaken with an objective to delineate the groundwater potential of a small tropical river basin located in the western side of the Western Ghats in India as an example. A combination of geographical information system and analytical hierarchical process techniques (AHP) was used in the present study. A total of 12 thematic layers such as Geology, Geomorphology, Land Use/Land Cover, Lineament density, Drainage density, Rainfall, Soil, Slope, Roughness, Topographic Wetness Index, Topographic Position Index and Curvature were prepared and studied for groundwater potential zone demarcation. Weights assigned to each class in all the thematic maps are based on their characteristics and water potential capacity through AHP method. The accuracy of the output was cross-validated with information on groundwater prospects of the area and the overall accuracy of the method comes to around 85%. The groundwater potential zone map thus obtained was categorized into five classes-very high, high, moderate, low and very low. The study reveals that about 59% of the river basin is covered under moderate groundwater potential zone. The low and high groundwater potential zones are observed in 29% and 11% respectively. Area under very high and very low potential zones are recorded only in very limited areas in the basin.
多年来，地下水的过度开采和气候的显著变化给全球地下水资源带来了巨大压力。随着全球对饮用水的需求增加，用于人类消费、农业和工业用途，评估含水层的地下水资源潜力和生产力的需求也在增加。近年来，基于地理信息系统的研究在地下水勘探中得到了广泛关注，因为它快速，并将为进一步开发提供有关资源的第一手信息。因此，本研究以印度西高止山脉西侧的一个小型热带河流流域为例，旨在划定地下水潜力。本研究采用了地理信息系统和层次分析法（AHP）相结合的方法。共准备和研究了 12 个专题图层，如地质、地貌、土地利用/土地覆盖、线性密度、水系密度、降雨量、土壤、坡度、粗糙度、地形湿度指数、地形位置指数和曲率，以划定地下水潜力区。对所有专题图中每个类别的权重都是根据其特征和通过 AHP 方法确定的水潜力能力进行赋值的。输出的准确性通过与该地区地下水前景的信息进行交叉验证，该方法的整体准确性约为 85%。由此获得的地下水潜力区图分为五类-极高、高、中、低和极低。研究表明，约 59%的流域覆盖在中等地下水潜力区。低和高地下水潜力区分别占 29%和 11%。高和极低潜力区仅在流域的非常有限区域内记录。
