Nahman Michal
University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
Reprod Biomed Soc Online. 2018 Nov 26;7:82-90. doi: 10.1016/j.rbms.2018.10.020. eCollection 2018 Nov.
This paper explores reproductive justice from the perspective of those at the beginning of the value chain of reproduction. This vantage point of egg providers can help lend important insights into the wider processes of family-making across borders today. It centres on ethnographic research conducted on contemporary cross-border egg provision performed by female migrant workers in Spain. Through this intersectional perspective, we stand to gain deeper insights into cross-border reproduction more widely. Egg provision can be a way for migrant women to gain temporary financial benefit. In a system that does not provide equal access for migrants to work and care, female migrants make themselves extractable commodities. As such, they are both a commodity and a worker at the same time. The example of female migrant workers providing eggs can be used to reflect more generally on egg provision, and on cross-border reproduction and reproductive justice models as used in queer cross-border family-building. Taken within the broader framework of reproductive justice, and with the struggles of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender cross-border reproduction in mind, the paper begins by asking how three intersecting inequalities due to (1) migration/citizenship, (2) joblessness/contract working and (3) race facilitate the industry of cross-border reproduction? In what ways do female migrant workers mobilize their reproductive potential, including time, whiteness, other racial/phenotypic similarity to commissioning parents, and unstable work lives in cross-border egg donation? The paper ends with an argument for focusing analytical and political attention on the needs of those providing eggs; the most prized material resources for cross-border reproduction.
本文从生殖价值链起点人群的角度探讨生殖正义。卵子提供者的这一有利视角有助于深入了解当今跨国组建家庭的更广泛过程。它以对西班牙女性移民工人进行的当代跨国卵子提供的人种志研究为核心。通过这种交叉性视角，我们有望更广泛地深入了解跨国生殖。提供卵子可能是移民女性获取临时经济利益的一种方式。在一个未能为移民提供平等工作和照料机会的体系中，女性移民将自己变成了可榨取的商品。因此，她们既是商品又是工人。女性移民工人提供卵子的例子可用于更普遍地反思卵子提供，以及酷儿跨国组建家庭中所采用的跨国生殖和生殖正义模式。在更广泛的生殖正义框架内，并考虑到女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者跨国生殖的斗争，本文首先提出疑问：由于（1）移民/公民身份、（2）失业/合同工身份以及（3）种族导致的三种相互交织的不平等如何促进了跨国生殖产业？女性移民工人在跨国卵子捐赠中如何调动她们的生殖潜力，包括时间、白人身份、与委托父母的其他种族/表型相似性以及不稳定的工作生活？本文最后主张在分析和政治层面关注卵子提供者的需求；卵子是跨国生殖最珍贵的物质资源。
