Rastle Kathleen
Royal Holloway, University of London, UK.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2019 Apr;72(4):677-692. doi: 10.1177/1747021819829696. Epub 2019 Feb 15.
Skilled reading reflects an accumulation of experience with written language. Written language is typically viewed as an expression of spoken language, and this perspective has motivated approaches to understanding reading and reading acquisition. However, in this article, I develop the proposal that written language has diverged from spoken language in important ways that maximise the transmission of meaningful information, and that this divergence has been central to the development of rapid, skilled reading. I use English as an example to show that weaknesses in the relationship between spelling and sound can give rise to strong regularities between spelling and meaning that are critical for the rapid analysis of printed words. I conclude by arguing that the nature of the reading system is a reflection of the writing system and that a deep understanding of reading can be obtained only through a deep understanding of written language.
熟练阅读反映了书面语言经验的积累。书面语言通常被视为口语的一种表达形式，这种观点推动了对阅读及阅读习得的理解方法。然而，在本文中，我提出这样一种观点：书面语言在重要方面已经与口语分道扬镳，这些方面最大限度地促进了有意义信息的传递，并且这种分化对于快速、熟练阅读的发展至关重要。我以英语为例说明，拼写与发音之间关系的弱点会导致拼写与意义之间产生强大的规律性，这对于快速分析印刷文字至关重要。我最后指出，阅读系统的本质是书写系统的反映，只有通过深入理解书面语言才能深入理解阅读。
