Department of Spine, Honghui-Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong Uinversity, School of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;14(6):474-481. doi: 10.2174/1574888X14666190214163815.
Aberrant or prolonged immune responses has been proved to be involved in bone homeostasis. As a component of the innate immune system, macrophages play a critical role in bone homeostasis. Conventionally, according to response to the various panel of stimuli, macrophages can be plastically classified into two major phenotypes: M1 and M2. M1 macrophages are generally proinflammatory, whereas M2 are anti-inflammatory. Although studies demonstrated that both M1 and M2 phenotypes have been implicated in various inflammatory bone diseases, their direct role in bone homeostasis remains unclear. Thus, in this review, we briefly discuss the term "osteoimmunology", which deals with the crosstalk and shared mechanisms of the bone and immune systems. In addition, we overview M1 and M2 macrophages for their role in osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis as well as relevant signaling cascades involved.
异常或延长的免疫反应已被证明与骨稳态有关。作为先天免疫系统的一部分，巨噬细胞在骨稳态中起着关键作用。传统上，根据对各种刺激物的反应，巨噬细胞可以被灵活地分为两种主要表型：M1 和 M2。M1 巨噬细胞通常具有促炎作用，而 M2 则具有抗炎作用。尽管研究表明，M1 和 M2 表型都与各种炎症性骨病有关，但它们在骨稳态中的直接作用尚不清楚。因此，在这篇综述中，我们简要讨论了“骨免疫学”这一术语，它涉及骨骼和免疫系统的串扰和共同机制。此外，我们还概述了 M1 和 M2 巨噬细胞在破骨细胞生成和成骨中的作用以及涉及的相关信号级联。
