1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Reprod Sci. 2019 Aug;26(8):1025-1033. doi: 10.1177/1933719119828099. Epub 2019 Feb 17.
Dietary fish oil restores ovarian function in subfertile rats, which is thought to be associated with decreased transcription of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) β-subunit. We have previously demonstrated a reduction in early follicular serum FSH levels in normal weight but not obese women after treatment with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Herein, we report the effect of supplementation with omega-3 PUFA on urinary reproductive hormones across the whole menstrual cycle. This interventional study included 17 eumenorrheic women, aged 24-41 years. One month of daily morning urine was collected before and after 1 month of omega-3 PUFA supplementation with 4 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid daily. Measurements included urinary FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and estrogen and progesterone metabolites, plasma fatty acid composition, and markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Compliance with dietary supplementation was verified by significantly reduced ratios of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA for all subjects after treatment ( < .01). After 1 month of omega-3 PUFA supplementation, urinary FSH was significantly decreased in normal weight, but not obese women, in both follicular and luteal phases (-28.4% and -12.6%, respectively, both = .04). No significant changes were seen in LH or sex steroids for either weight group. The selective and specific decrease in FSH suggests that omega-3 PUFA supplementation merits further investigation in normal weight women with decreased fertility and/or diminished ovarian reserve.
膳食鱼油可恢复生育力低下大鼠的卵巢功能，这被认为与卵泡刺激素（FSH）β亚基转录减少有关。我们之前已经证明，在正常体重但非肥胖女性中，ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）治疗后早期卵泡期血清 FSH 水平降低。在此，我们报告了 ω-3 PUFA 补充对整个月经周期尿液生殖激素的影响。这项干预性研究纳入了 17 名月经正常的女性，年龄 24-41 岁。在每天早上服用 ω-3 PUFA 补充剂 4 克二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸 1 个月前后，连续 1 个月收集晨尿。测量包括尿液 FSH、促黄体生成激素（LH）和雌激素及孕激素代谢物、血浆脂肪酸组成以及内质网应激标志物。所有受试者治疗后ω-6 与 ω-3 PUFA 的比值明显降低，证明了膳食补充剂的依从性（<.01）。在接受 ω-3 PUFA 补充 1 个月后，正常体重但非肥胖女性的卵泡期和黄体期的尿 FSH 均明显降低（分别降低 28.4%和 12.6%，均<.04）。两组女性的 LH 或性激素均无明显变化。FSH 的选择性和特异性降低表明，ω-3 PUFA 补充值得进一步研究正常体重、生育力下降和/或卵巢储备减少的女性。
