Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Psychol Med. 2020 Feb;50(3):413-421. doi: 10.1017/S0033291719000217. Epub 2019 Feb 18.
Disturbances in emotion regulation (ER) are characteristic of both patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). We investigated the temporal dynamics of brain activation during cognitive ER in BD and SZ to understand the contribution of temporal characteristics of disturbed ER to their unique and shared symptomatology.
Forty-six participants performed an ER-task (BD, n = 15; SZ, n = 16; controls, n = 15) during functional magnetic resonance imaging, in which they were instructed to use cognitive reappraisal techniques to regulate their emotional responses. Finite impulse response modeling was applied to estimate the temporal dynamics of brain responses during cognitive reappraisal (v. passive attending) of negative pictures. Group, time, and group × time effects were tested using multivariate modeling.
We observed a group × time interaction during ER in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), supplementary motor area (SMA) and inferior occipital gyrus. Patients with SZ demonstrated initial hyper-activation of the VLPFC and SMA activation that was not sustained in later regulatory phases. Response profiles in the inferior occipital gyrus in SZ showed abnormal activation in the later phases of regulation. BD-patients showed general blunted responsivity in these regions.
These results suggest that ER-disturbances in SZ are characterized by an inefficient initialization and failure to sustain regulatory control, whereas in BD, a failure to recruit regulatory resources may represent initial deficits in formulating adequate representations of the regulatory needs. This may help to further understand how ER-disturbances give rise to symptomatology of BD and SZ.
情绪调节（ER）障碍是双相情感障碍（BD）和精神分裂症（SZ）患者的特征。我们研究了 BD 和 SZ 患者在认知 ER 期间大脑激活的时间动态，以了解 ER 时间特征对其独特和共有的症状学的贡献。
46 名参与者在功能磁共振成像期间执行 ER 任务（BD，n=15；SZ，n=16；对照组，n=15），其中他们被指示使用认知重评技术来调节他们的情绪反应。有限脉冲响应建模用于估计消极图片认知重评（v. 被动观察）期间大脑反应的时间动态。使用多元建模测试组、时间和组×时间效应。
我们在 ER 期间观察到腹外侧前额叶皮层（VLPFC）、辅助运动区（SMA）和下枕叶的组×时间相互作用。SZ 患者表现出 VLPFC 和 SMA 激活的初始过度激活，而在后期调节阶段则没有持续激活。SZ 中枕叶下回的反应谱在调节后期显示出异常激活。BD 患者在这些区域表现出一般的反应迟钝。
这些结果表明，SZ 的 ER 障碍的特征是初始化效率低下和无法维持调节控制，而在 BD 中，无法招募调节资源可能代表在制定适当的调节需求表示方面的初始缺陷。这可能有助于进一步了解 ER 障碍如何导致 BD 和 SZ 的症状。
