Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2019 Feb;45:35-44. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.01.001. Epub 2019 Feb 8.
Autoimmune skin diseases are a group of disorders that arise due to a deregulated immune system resulting in skin tissue destruction. In the majority of these conditions, either autoreactive immune cells or the autoantibodies are generated against self-antigens of the skin. Although the etiology of these diseases remains elusive, biochemical, genetic, and environmental factors such as infectious agents, toxins damage the skin tissue leading to self-antigen generation, autoantibody attack and finally results in autoimmunity of skin. Immune dysregulation, which involves predominantly T helper 1/17 (Th1/Th17) polarization and the inability of regulatory T cells to regress immune response, is implicated in autoimmune skin diseases. The emerging roles of immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines in the pathogenesis of common autoimmune skin diseases like pemphigus, vitiligo, and psoriasis are discussed in this review. The main focus is on the interplay between immune cell network including the innate and adaptive immune system, regulatory cells, immune checkpoints and recently identified tissue-resident memory cells (TRMs) in disease pathogenesis and relapse. We also attempt to highlight on the immune mechanisms common to these diseases which can be targeted for designing novel therapeutics.
自身免疫性皮肤病是一组由于免疫系统失调导致皮肤组织破坏的疾病。在大多数情况下，自身反应性免疫细胞或自身抗体针对皮肤的自身抗原产生。尽管这些疾病的病因仍不清楚，但生化、遗传和环境因素，如感染因子、毒素，会损害皮肤组织，导致自身抗原的产生、自身抗体的攻击，最终导致皮肤的自身免疫。免疫失调主要涉及辅助性 T 细胞 1/17（Th1/Th17）极化和调节性 T 细胞无法使免疫反应消退，与自身免疫性皮肤病有关。本文讨论了免疫细胞、细胞因子和趋化因子在寻常性天疱疮、白癜风和银屑病等常见自身免疫性皮肤病发病机制中的新兴作用。主要重点是包括先天和适应性免疫系统、调节细胞、免疫检查点和最近发现的组织驻留记忆细胞（TRM）在内的免疫细胞网络在疾病发病和复发中的相互作用。我们还试图强调这些疾病共有的免疫机制，这些机制可以作为设计新型治疗方法的靶点。
