视觉引导性眼跳的基础与转化神经眼科学：速度障碍
Basic and translational neuro-ophthalmology of visually guided saccades: disorders of velocity.
作者信息
Puri Sushant, Shaikh Aasef G
机构信息
Dept. of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
Daroff-DelOsso Ocular Motility Laboratory, Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.
出版信息
Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2017;12(6):457-473. doi: 10.1080/17469899.2017.1395695. Epub 2017 Nov 28.
INTRODUCTION
Saccades are rapid, yoked eye movements in an effort to direct a target over fovea. The complex circuitry of saccadic eye movements has been exhaustively described. As a result clinicians can elegantly localize the pathology if it falls on the neuraxis responsible for saccades. Traditionally saccades are studied with their quantitative characteristics such as amplitude, velocity, duration, direction, latency and accuracy.
AREAS COVERED
Amongst all subtypes, the physiology of the visually guided saccades is most extensively studied. Here we will review the basic and pertinent neuro-anatomy and physiology of visually guided saccade and then discuss common or classic disorders affecting the velocity of visually guided saccades. We will then discuss the basic mechanism for saccade slowing in these disorders.
EXPERT COMMENTARY
Prompt appreciation of disorders of saccade velocity is critical to reach appropriate diagnosis. Disorders of midbrain, cerebellum, or basal ganglia can lead to prolonged transition time during gaze shift and decreased saccade velocity.
引言
扫视是一种快速的、共轭的眼球运动，旨在将目标物对准中央凹。扫视性眼球运动的复杂神经回路已被详尽描述。因此，如果病变位于负责扫视的神经轴上，临床医生就能准确地定位病变部位。传统上，扫视是通过其定量特征来研究的，如幅度、速度、持续时间、方向、潜伏期和准确性。
涵盖领域
在所有亚型中，视觉引导扫视的生理学研究最为广泛。在此，我们将回顾视觉引导扫视的基本和相关神经解剖学及生理学知识，然后讨论影响视觉引导扫视速度的常见或经典疾病。接着，我们将探讨这些疾病中扫视减慢的基本机制。
专家评论
迅速认识到扫视速度障碍对于做出恰当诊断至关重要。中脑、小脑或基底神经节的病变可导致注视转移期间的过渡时间延长和扫视速度降低。
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