Kim Yong Jin, Tamadon Amin, Park Hyun Tae, Kim Hoon, Ku Seung-Yup
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, South Korea.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Osteoporos Sarcopenia. 2016 Sep;2(3):140-155. doi: 10.1016/j.afos.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jul 21.
Sex steroids influence the maintenance and growth of muscles. Decline in androgens, estrogens and progesterone by aging leads to the loss of muscular function and mass, sarcopenia. These steroid hormones can interact with different signaling pathways through their receptors. To date, sex steroid hormone receptors and their exact roles are not completely defined in skeletal and smooth muscles. Although numerous studies focused on the effects of sex steroid hormones on different types of cells, still many unexplained molecular mechanisms in both skeletal and smooth muscle cells remain to be investigated. In this paper, many different molecular mechanisms that are activated or inhibited by sex steroids and those that influence the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of skeletal and smooth muscle cells are reviewed. Also, the similarities of cellular and molecular pathways of androgens, estrogens and progesterone in both skeletal and smooth muscle cells are highlighted. The reviewed signaling pathways and participating molecules can be targeted in the future development of novel therapeutics.
性类固醇影响肌肉的维持和生长。随着年龄增长，雄激素、雌激素和孕酮水平下降会导致肌肉功能和质量丧失，即肌肉减少症。这些类固醇激素可通过其受体与不同的信号通路相互作用。迄今为止，性类固醇激素受体及其确切作用在骨骼肌和平滑肌中尚未完全明确。尽管众多研究聚焦于性类固醇激素对不同类型细胞的影响，但骨骼肌和平滑肌细胞中仍有许多未解释的分子机制有待研究。本文综述了受性类固醇激活或抑制的多种不同分子机制，以及那些影响骨骼肌和平滑肌细胞生长、增殖和分化的分子机制。此外，还强调了雄激素、雌激素和孕酮在骨骼肌和平滑肌细胞中细胞及分子途径的相似性。所综述的信号通路和参与分子可成为未来新型治疗药物开发的靶点。
