Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Product and Process Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, No. 331 Shih-Pin Rd., Hsinchu 30062, Taiwan, ROC.
Biotechnol Adv. 2019 May-Jun;37(3):410-421. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.006. Epub 2019 Feb 16.
The recent progress in genetic engineering has brought multiple benefits to the food and agricultural industry by enhancing the essential characteristics of agronomic traits. Powerful tools in the field of genome editing, such as siRNA-mediated RNA interference for targeted suppression of gene expression and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) for DNA repair have been widely used for commercial purposes. However, in the last few years, the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized genome editing and has attracted attention as a powerful tool for several industrial applications. Herein, we review current progresses in the utilization of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in the food and agricultural industry, particularly in the development of resistant crops with improved quality and productivity. We compare the CRISPR system with the TALEN and ZFN nucleases-based methods and highlight potential advantages and shortcomings. In addition, we explore the state of the global market and discuss the safety and ethical concerns associated with the application of this technology in the food and agricultural industry.
近年来，遗传工程的最新进展通过增强农艺性状的基本特征，为食品和农业产业带来了多种益处。基因组编辑领域的强大工具，如靶向基因表达抑制的 siRNA 介导的 RNA 干扰和用于 DNA 修复的转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶 (TALENs) 和锌指核酸酶 (ZFNs)，已被广泛用于商业用途。然而，在过去几年中，CRISPR-Cas9 系统的发现彻底改变了基因组编辑，并作为几种工业应用的强大工具引起了关注。本文综述了 CRISPR-Cas9 系统在食品和农业产业中的最新应用进展，特别是在开发具有改善品质和生产力的抗性作物方面。我们将 CRISPR 系统与 TALEN 和 ZFN 基于核酸酶的方法进行了比较，并强调了它们的潜在优势和缺点。此外，我们探讨了全球市场的现状，并讨论了该技术在食品和农业产业中的应用所涉及的安全和伦理问题。
