Subbarao K V, Kabir Z, Martin F N, Koike S T
Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o United States Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, CA 93905.
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA 93905.
Plant Dis. 2007 Aug;91(8):964-972. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-91-8-0964.
The influence of crop rotation on soilborne diseases and yield of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) was determined at a site infested with Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia and at another with no known history of V. dahliae infestation during 1997 to 2000. The rotations studied at the V. dahliae-infested site were (i) broccoli-broccoli-strawberry, (ii) Brussels sprouts-strawberry, and (iii) lettuce-lettuce-strawberry; the treatments at the site with no history of V. dahliae were (i) broccoli-broccoli-strawberry, (ii) cauliflower-cauliflower-strawberry, and (iii) lettuce-lettuce-strawberry. The effects of rotation on V. dahliae and Pythium populations, strawberry vigor, Verticillium wilt severity, and strawberry fruit yield were compared with a standard methyl bromide + chloropicrin fumigated control treatment at both sites. Rotations did not alter total population levels of Pythium spp. at either study site. However, V. dahliae microsclerotia were significantly reduced with br occoli and Brussels sprouts rotations compared with lettuce rotations at the V. dahliae-infested site. Reduced propagules led to lower Verticillium wilt severity on strawberry plants in the broccoli and Brussels sprouts rotations than in lettuce-rotated plots. Strawberry vigor and fruit yield were significantly lower in lettuce-rotated plots than in broccoli- and Brussels sprouts-rotated plots. Despite no detectable microsclerotia at the other site, strawberry vigor and fruit yield were greatest in plots rotated with broccoli, intermediate with cauliflower, and lowest with lettuce. None of the rotation treatments were better than the fumigated control for all variables measured. In the absence of fumigation, rotation with broccoli and Brussels sprouts is an effective cultural practice for managing Verticillium wilt in strawberry production; whereas, in fields with no detectable V. dahliae, broccoli is also a feasible rotational crop that enhances strawberry growth and yield. According to a cost-benefit analysis, the broccoli-strawberry rotation system could be an economically viable option provided growers are able to alternate years for strawberry cultivation.
1997年至2000年期间，在一个被大丽轮枝菌微菌核侵染的地块以及另一个无大丽轮枝菌侵染历史的地块，测定了轮作对草莓（凤梨草莓）土传病害及产量的影响。在被大丽轮枝菌侵染的地块所研究的轮作方式为：（i）西兰花 - 西兰花 - 草莓，（ii）抱子甘蓝 - 草莓，以及（iii）生菜 - 生菜 - 草莓；在无大丽轮枝菌历史的地块的处理方式为：（i）西兰花 - 西兰花 - 草莓，（ii）花椰菜 - 花椰菜 - 草莓，以及（iii）生菜 - 生菜 - 草莓。在两个地块，将轮作对大丽轮枝菌和腐霉菌种群数量、草莓活力、黄萎病严重程度以及草莓果实产量的影响与标准的甲基溴 + 氯化苦熏蒸对照处理进行了比较。轮作并未改变任一研究地块腐霉菌属的总种群数量水平。然而，在被大丽轮枝菌侵染的地块，与生菜轮作相比，西兰花和抱子甘蓝轮作显著降低了大丽轮枝菌微菌核数量。繁殖体数量减少使得西兰花和抱子甘蓝轮作的草莓植株上黄萎病的严重程度低于生菜轮作的地块。生菜轮作地块的草莓活力和果实产量显著低于西兰花和抱子甘蓝轮作的地块。尽管在另一个地块未检测到微菌核，但与西兰花轮作的地块草莓活力和果实产量最高，与花椰菜轮作的地块居中，与生菜轮作的地块最低。对于所测量的所有变量而言，没有一种轮作处理优于熏蒸对照。在不进行熏蒸的情况下，西兰花和抱子甘蓝轮作是草莓生产中管理黄萎病的有效栽培措施；而在未检测到有大丽轮枝菌的田块，西兰花也是一种可行的轮作作物，可促进草莓生长并提高产量。根据成本效益分析，如果种植者能够交替年份种植草莓，西兰花 - 草莓轮作系统可能是一个经济上可行的选择。
