First Record of Crown and Root Rot Caused by Cylindrocladium pauciramosum on California Lilac in Italy.

California lilacs, or Ceanothus, are evergreen, drought tolerant, colorful ornamental shrubs belonging to the Rhamnaceae family. Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens is the most common species grown in Italy. In October 2005, a severe wilting was noticed on approximately 3,000 potted, 6-month-old plants obtained from cuttings produced by a commercial nursery in Lecco Province (northern Italy). Wilting was always associated with root rot and brown discoloration at the base of the stem. No leaf spots or stem lesions were detected. A Cylindrocladium sp. was isolated consistently from crown, basal stems, and roots of symptomatic plants with potato dextrose agar. Although many crown rots are caused by Phytophthora spp., this pathogen was not found associated with rotten roots and crown plating small pieces of diseased root tissue and crowns onto selective medium. A random selection of five Cylindrocladium sp. isolates was obtained from the infected crown and basal stem. Subsequently, they were identified on carnation leaf agar (CLA) as Cylindrocladium pauciramosum C.L. Schoch & Crous on the basis of their obpyriform to broadly ellipsoidal terminal vesicles, conidiophore branching pattern, conidium, and perithecial morphology, as well as mating type with tester strains of C. pauciramosum selected isolates (1,4). All single-conidial isolates were mated with tester strains DISTEF-G87 (MAT1-1) and DISTEF-G128 (MAT1-2) of C. pauciramosum on CLA, which confirmed both mating types to be present. Two of the isolates were deposited at Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS-120145 and CBS-120146). Pathogenicity tests were performed by macerating CLA cultures of C. pauciramosum, obtained from a single-spore isolate and incorporating them on the soil surface of 20 8-month-old C. thyrsiflorus var. repens potted plants. The same number of plants was used as the control. Following inoculation, plants were well irrigated and kept in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1°C. All inoculated plants developed crown rot, basal stem rot, and root rot 25 days after inoculation. Uninoculated control plants remained healthy. C. pauciramosum was reisolated from the artificially inoculated plants. C. pauciramosum causes considerable damage to the ornamental industry in Italy, where projects have been carried out since the first record of the fungus in Europe (3). C. pauciramosum was previously detected on Ceanothus sp. in the United Kingdom (2), where foliar and stem lesions were described. To our knowledge, this is the first record of the pathogen on C. thyrsiflorus var. repens and the first report of wilting due to crown and basal stem rot. References: (1) P. W. Crous. Taxonomy and Pathology of Cylindrocladium (Calonectria) and Allied Genera. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul MN, 2002. (2) C. R. Lane et al. Plant Pathol. 55:582, 2006. (3) G. Polizzi and P. W. Crous. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 105, 407, 1999. (4) C. L. Schoch et al. Plant Dis. 85:941, 2001.