Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 19;9(1):2241. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38373-x.
Historically known as the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti invaded Madeira Island in 2005 and was the vector of the island's first dengue outbreak in 2012. We have studied genetic variation at 16 microsatellites and two mitochondrial DNA genes in temporal samples of Madeira Island, in order to assess the origin of the invasion and the population structure of this mosquito vector. Our results indicated at least two independent colonization events occurred on the island, both having a South American source population. In both scenarios, Venezuela was the most probable origin of these introductions, a result that is in accordance with the socioeconomic relations between this country and Madeira Island. Once introduced, Ae. aegypti has rapidly expanded along the southern coast of the island and reached a maximum effective population size (N) in 2012, coincident with the dengue epidemic. After the outbreak, there was a 10-fold reduction in N estimates, possibly reflecting the impact of community-based vector control measures implemented during the outbreak. These findings have implications for mosquito surveillance not only for Madeira Island, but also for other European regions where Aedes mosquitoes are expanding.
历史上被称为黄热病蚊子，埃及伊蚊于 2005 年入侵马德拉岛，并于 2012 年成为该岛首次登革热爆发的传播媒介。我们研究了马德拉岛时间样本中的 16 个微卫星和两个线粒体 DNA 基因的遗传变异，以评估入侵的起源和这种蚊子媒介的种群结构。我们的结果表明，岛上至少发生了两次独立的殖民事件，其来源人口均来自南美洲。在这两种情况下，委内瑞拉最有可能是这些传入的源头，这一结果与该国与马德拉岛之间的社会经济关系相符。一旦引入，埃及伊蚊就在该岛的南部海岸迅速扩散，并于 2012 年达到最大有效种群规模（N），与登革热疫情同时发生。疫情爆发后，N 的估计值减少了 10 倍，这可能反映了疫情期间实施的基于社区的病媒控制措施的影响。这些发现不仅对马德拉岛的蚊子监测具有意义，而且对其他正在扩张的欧洲地区的蚊子监测也具有意义。
