Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Carol I Blv., No. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania.
Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, Bp. 11201, Zitoune, Meknès, Morocco.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Apr;112:108673. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108673. Epub 2019 Feb 20.
The most prevalent neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer's dementia. It is determined by the deposits of amyloid-beta peptide which leads to memory impairment, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. Aromatherapy by using essential oils could represent a natural treatment option for Alzheimer's dementia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the neuroprotective and nootropic effects of Pinus halepensis essential oil (PNO, 1% and 3%, administered for three weeks) in a rat model of acute amyloid beta (1-42) (Aβ1-42) toxicity. Rats were behaviorally tested (radial arm maze and Y-maze activities being used). Rats were divided into five groups (n = 5 / group): first group - vehicle, second group - Aβ1-42, the third and fourth group - PNO treatment groups (1% and 3%), and fifth group - donepezil group (as positive control, 5 mg/kg injected in Aβ1-42-treated rats). Antioxidant activity of the investigated essential oil was assessed using radical scavenging assays, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) tests. Also, biochemical estimations of the brain homogenates for acetylcholinesterase and oxidative stress biomarkers were carried out. The essential oil reversed the amyloid beta (1-42)-induced decreasing of the spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test and the amyloid beta (1-42)-induced increasing of the working and reference memory errors in the radial arm maze test. The amyloid beta (1-42)-induced modification of the balance oxidant-antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase action in the hippocampus of the rat has been ameliorated using the essential oil. These findings suggested that Pinus halepensis essential oil has nootropic and neuroprotective activities and may be regarded as a therapeutic tool for attenuation of Aβ toxicity and neuronal dysfunction.
最常见的神经退行性疾病是阿尔茨海默病。它是由淀粉样β肽的沉积引起的，导致记忆障碍、氧化应激和神经退行性变。使用精油的芳香疗法可能是阿尔茨海默病的一种自然治疗选择。因此，本研究旨在确定油松精油（PNO，1%和 3%，连续给药 3 周）对急性淀粉样β（1-42）（Aβ1-42）毒性大鼠模型的神经保护和益智作用。对大鼠进行行为测试（使用放射臂迷宫和 Y 迷宫活动）。大鼠分为五组（每组 5 只/组）：第一组-载体，第二组-Aβ1-42，第三组和第四组-PNO 处理组（1%和 3%），第五组-多奈哌齐组（作为阳性对照，在 Aβ1-42 处理的大鼠中注射 5mg/kg）。使用自由基清除测定法（如 1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）和 3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）测定法）评估所研究精油的抗氧化活性。还对脑匀浆进行了乙酰胆碱酯酶和氧化应激生物标志物的生化估算。该精油逆转了 Aβ1-42 诱导的 Y 迷宫测试中自发交替的减少以及 Aβ1-42 诱导的放射臂迷宫测试中工作记忆和参考记忆错误的增加。使用精油改善了 Aβ1-42 诱导的大鼠海马中氧化还原平衡和乙酰胆碱酯酶作用的改变。这些发现表明，油松精油具有益智和神经保护活性，可作为减轻 Aβ毒性和神经元功能障碍的治疗工具。
