Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.
Mol Biol Cell. 2019 Apr 15;30(9):1051-1059. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E18-11-0752. Epub 2019 Feb 20.
Membrane blebs are specialized cellular protrusions that play diverse roles in processes such as cell division and cell migration. Blebbing can be divided into three distinct phases: bleb nucleation, bleb growth, and bleb retraction. Following nucleation and bleb growth, the actin cortex, comprising actin, cross-linking proteins, and nonmuscle myosin II (MII), begins to reassemble on the membrane. MII then drives the final phase, bleb retraction, which results in reintegration of the bleb into the cellular cortex. There are three MII paralogues with distinct biophysical properties expressed in mammalian cells: MIIA, MIIB, and MIIC. Here we show that MIIA specifically drives bleb retraction during cytokinesis. The motor domain and regulation of the nonhelical tailpiece of MIIA both contribute to its ability to drive bleb retraction. These experiments have also revealed a relationship between faster turnover of MIIA at the cortex and its ability to drive bleb retraction.
膜泡是一种特化的细胞突起,在细胞分裂和细胞迁移等过程中发挥着多样化的作用。泡状突起可分为三个不同阶段:泡状核的形成、泡状的生长和泡状的回缩。在核的形成和泡状的生长之后,由肌动蛋白、交联蛋白和非肌肉肌球蛋白 II(MII)组成的肌动蛋白皮质开始在膜上重新组装。MII 随后驱动泡状的回缩的最后一个阶段,导致泡状重新整合到细胞皮质中。在哺乳动物细胞中表达了三种具有不同生物物理特性的 MII 同工酶:MIIA、MIIB 和 MIIC。在这里,我们表明 MIIA 特异性地驱动胞质分裂过程中的泡状回缩。MIIA 的马达结构域和非螺旋尾片段的调节都有助于其驱动泡状回缩的能力。这些实验还揭示了皮质中 MIIA 更快的周转率与其驱动泡状回缩的能力之间的关系。
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