Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; email:
Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2019 Apr 29;70:559-583. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100114. Epub 2019 Feb 20.
Ecological specialization in plants occurs primarily through local adaptation to different environments. Local adaptation is widely thought to result in costly fitness trade-offs that result in maladaptation to alternative environments. However, recent studies suggest that such trade-offs are not universal. Further, there is currently a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for fitness trade-offs associated with adaptation. Here, we review the literature on stress responses in plants to identify potential mechanisms underlying local adaptation and ecological specialization. We focus on drought, high and low temperature, flooding, herbivore, and pathogen stresses. We then synthesize our findings with recent advances in the local adaptation and plant molecular biology literature. In the process, we identify mechanisms that could cause fitness trade-offs and outline scenarios where trade-offs are not a necessary consequence of adaptation. Future studies should aim to explicitly integrate molecular mechanisms into studies of local adaptation.
植物的生态特化主要通过对不同环境的局部适应来实现。人们普遍认为，局部适应会导致适应代价，从而导致对替代环境的不适应。然而，最近的研究表明，这种适应代价并非普遍存在。此外，目前对于与适应相关的适应代价的分子机制知之甚少。在这里，我们回顾了植物对压力反应的文献，以确定局部适应和生态特化的潜在机制。我们重点关注干旱、高温和低温、洪水、食草动物和病原体胁迫。然后，我们将我们的发现与局部适应和植物分子生物学文献的最新进展相结合。在此过程中，我们确定了可能导致适应代价的机制，并概述了适应代价不是适应必然结果的情况。未来的研究应该将分子机制明确纳入局部适应的研究中。
