Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland; email:
APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2019 May 7;15:371-398. doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095432. Epub 2019 Feb 20.
The gut microbiome is implicated in the pathophysiology of a wide range of psychological disorders. Preclinical studies have provided us with key insights into the mechanisms by which the microbiome influences bidirectional gut-brain communication. There are many signaling pathways involved, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, immune modulation, tryptophan and serotonin metabolism, bile acid transformation, microbial production of neuroactive compounds, and regulation of the endocannabinoid system. The complex and widespread influence of the microbiome on many physiological and psychological processes has generated a keen interest in its therapeutic potential for depression, anxiety, autism, and other psychiatric disorders. It has been shown that the microbiome composition of people suffering with such conditions differs significantly from that of healthy controls, and although the area is in its infancy, interventional studies that alter a person's microbiome through the use of probiotics, prebiotics, or dietary change can alleviate psychopathological symptoms.
肠道微生物群与广泛的心理障碍的病理生理学有关。临床前研究为我们提供了关键的见解，了解微生物群如何影响双向的肠脑通讯。涉及许多信号通路，包括下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、免疫调节、色氨酸和血清素代谢、胆汁酸转化、微生物产生神经活性化合物以及内源性大麻素系统的调节。微生物群对许多生理和心理过程的复杂和广泛影响激发了人们对其治疗抑郁症、焦虑症、自闭症和其他精神障碍的潜力的浓厚兴趣。研究表明，患有此类疾病的人的微生物群组成与健康对照组有显著差异，尽管该领域还处于起步阶段，但通过使用益生菌、益生元或饮食改变来改变一个人的微生物群的干预性研究可以缓解精神病理学症状。
