Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Neurosci Bull. 2019 Apr;35(2):229-243. doi: 10.1007/s12264-019-00342-3. Epub 2019 Feb 21.
In this review, combined post-mortem brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology studies are highlighted, illustrating the relevance of translational approaches to define novel MRI signatures of neuropathological lesions in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. Initial studies combining post-mortem MRI and histology have validated various MRI sequences, assessing their sensitivity and specificity as diagnostic biomarkers in neurologic disease. More recent studies have focused on defining new radiological (bio)markers and implementing them in the clinical (research) setting. By combining neurological and neuroanatomical expertise with radiological development and pathological validation, a cycle emerges that allows for the discovery of novel MRI biomarkers to be implemented in vivo. Examples of this cycle are presented for multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury. Some applications have been shown to be successful, while others require further validation. In conclusion, there is much to explore with post-mortem MRI and histology studies, which can eventually be of high relevance for clinical practice.
在这篇综述中，重点介绍了结合死后磁共振成像（MRI）和组织学研究的情况，说明了将转化方法应用于定义神经炎症和神经退行性疾病中神经病理学损伤的新型 MRI 特征的相关性。最初结合死后 MRI 和组织学的研究验证了各种 MRI 序列，评估了它们作为神经疾病诊断生物标志物的敏感性和特异性。最近的研究集中于定义新的影像学（生物）标志物，并在临床（研究）环境中实施这些标志物。通过将神经学和神经解剖学专业知识与放射学发展和病理学验证相结合，形成了一个循环，从而能够发现新的 MRI 生物标志物并在体内实施。为多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和创伤性脑损伤介绍了这个循环的一些例子。一些应用已经被证明是成功的，而其他的则需要进一步验证。总之，通过死后 MRI 和组织学研究有很多值得探索的地方，这最终可能对临床实践有很大的意义。
