Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Safety Promotions and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Psychiatry Res. 2019 Jan;271:732-739. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.004. Epub 2018 Nov 23.
The objective of this study was to examine the association between caffeine consumption and depressive symptoms. We used data from the 2005-06 National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES). A total of 4737 individuals aged ≥ 18 years who answered the caffeine intake and PHQ-9 questionnaires were selected for this study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) with total scores between 0 and 27. Those with PHQ-9 total scores ≥ 10 were considered as having clinically relevant depression. To investigate the association of caffeine intake and PHQ-9 scores, a multiple logistic regression was used in different models. The overall weighted prevalence of depression was 5.5% (4.3% in men and 6.6% in women). After controlling for potential confounders (age, sex, family PIR, education, marital status, disease history, sleep disorders, thyroid problems, physical activity, social support, smoking, total energy, and cholesterol, retinol, vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-criptoxanthin, vitamin B1, iron, and phosphorus levels), a significant nonlinear inverse association between caffeine consumption and PHQ-9 scores was observed. In conclusion, caffeine's psychostimulant properties appear to protect against depressive symptoms; however, additional prospective studies are required to ascertain whether or not caffeine consumption can lead to a decrease in depressive symptoms.
本研究旨在探讨咖啡因摄入与抑郁症状之间的关联。我们使用了 2005-06 年全国健康和营养调查（NHANES）的数据。共选取了 4737 名年龄≥18 岁、回答了咖啡因摄入和 PHQ-9 问卷的个体进行本研究。抑郁症状采用 9 项患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）进行评估，总分为 0-27 分。PHQ-9 总分≥10 分者被认为存在临床相关抑郁。为了探讨咖啡因摄入与 PHQ-9 评分之间的关系，我们在不同模型中使用了多因素逻辑回归。抑郁的总加权患病率为 5.5%（男性为 4.3%，女性为 6.6%）。在控制了潜在混杂因素（年龄、性别、家庭 PTR、教育程度、婚姻状况、病史、睡眠障碍、甲状腺问题、体力活动、社会支持、吸烟、总能量和胆固醇、视黄醇、维生素 A、β-胡萝卜素、β-隐黄质、维生素 B1、铁和磷水平）后，观察到咖啡因摄入与 PHQ-9 评分之间存在显著的非线性反比关系。总之，咖啡因的精神刺激作用似乎可以预防抑郁症状；然而，还需要进行更多的前瞻性研究，以确定咖啡因摄入是否会导致抑郁症状的减少。
