1 Kathleen R. Delaney, PhD, PMHNP-BC, FAAN, Rush College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA.
2 Dawn Vanderhoef, PhD, DNP, PMHNP-BC, FAANP, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2019 Jan/Feb;25(1):11-18. doi: 10.1177/1078390318806571.
To characterize the future Psychiatric Mental Health (PMH) Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) workforce in light of the high demand for psychiatric providers in all aspects of mental health service delivery. Over the past 20 years, there has been significant growth of the PMH APRN workforce, a provider group capable of addressing mental health provider shortages. However, continued growth may be limited by anticipated retirements and traditional volume of graduations from PMH nurse practitioner (NP) programs. Optimum utilization of PMH APRNs in service delivery systems and State workforce planning may also be impeded by their frequent mischaracterized in federal reports and mental health workforce studies.
Based on a review of the literature, this discussion paper evaluates trends related to PMH NP programs and graduates, anticipated retirements of current PMH ARPNs, facilitators and barriers to increasing the PMH APRN workforce, and opportunities and threats to workforce development.
The PMH APRN workforce faces significant challenges owing to barriers and facilitators to growth of the specialty. These factors conspire to limit the supply of PMH APRNs at a time when they are needed to compensate for declining numbers of providers in the United States, particularly practicing psychiatrists.
Recommendations are forwarded as to how best shape the educational pipeline to meet the current and emerging needs of American citizens for quality mental health care.
鉴于精神卫生服务提供的各个方面对精神卫生提供者的高度需求，描述未来的精神科心理健康（PMH）高级实践注册护士（APRN）劳动力。在过去的 20 年中，PMH APRN 劳动力有了显著增长，这是一个能够解决精神卫生提供者短缺问题的提供者群体。然而，由于预计退休人员和 PMH 护士从业者（NP）计划的传统毕业人数增加，持续增长可能会受到限制。PMH APRNs 在服务提供系统和州劳动力规划中的最佳利用也可能因他们在联邦报告和精神卫生劳动力研究中经常被错误描述而受到阻碍。
基于对文献的回顾，本文讨论了与 PMH NP 计划和毕业生相关的趋势、当前 PMH ARPN 预计退休人员、增加 PMH APRN 劳动力的促进因素和障碍，以及劳动力发展的机会和威胁。
由于专业成长的障碍和促进因素，PMH APRN 劳动力面临重大挑战。这些因素共同限制了 PMH APRN 的供应，而此时正是需要他们来弥补美国提供者数量下降的时候，尤其是执业精神科医生。
提出了如何最好地塑造教育渠道以满足美国公民对优质精神卫生保健的当前和新兴需求的建议。
