Kleinschmidt C E, Clements M J, Maragos C M, Pataky J K, White D G
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Mycotoxin Research Unit, Peoria, IL 61604.
Plant Dis. 2005 Mar;89(3):291-297. doi: 10.1094/PD-89-0291.
Fumonisins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (syn = F. moniliforme) and F. proliferatum have been associated with potentially serious toxicoses of animals and humans. Thus, hybrids with low fumonisin accumulation in grain will be valuable for the production of corn-based human food products. We evaluated 68 food-grade dent corn hybrids for severity of Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin accumulation in grain in inoculated trials in Urbana, IL in 2000 and 2001. Our inoculation technique was successful in initiating fumonisin accumulation that allowed discrimination among hybrids. We identified several hybrids that could have acceptable levels (<4 μg/g) of fumonisin accumulation in Illinois in most years. Twenty-six hybrids with low or high fumonisin accumulation in 2000 were reevaluated in noninoculated trials at three locations in Illinois in 2001. Fumonisin concentration in grain at all three locations was relatively low; thus, separation of hybrids was poor. At two locations, those hybrids with the highest fumonisin concentration in grain also had high concentrations following inoculation. However, one hybrid that had relatively low fumonisin concentration following inoculation had unacceptable levels of fumonisin (5 μg/g) in natural conditions. Therefore, hybrids need to be evaluated by inoculation and further evaluated at locations where the environment favors fumonisin accumulation.
由轮枝镰孢菌（同义词 = 串珠镰孢菌）和层出镰孢菌产生的伏马毒素与动物和人类潜在的严重中毒有关。因此，谷物中伏马毒素积累量低的杂交种对于生产玉米基人类食品将具有重要价值。2000年和2001年，我们在伊利诺伊州厄巴纳的接种试验中评估了68个食品级马齿型玉米杂交种的镰孢菌穗腐病严重程度和谷物中伏马毒素的积累情况。我们的接种技术成功引发了伏马毒素的积累，从而能够区分不同的杂交种。我们鉴定出了几个在伊利诺伊州大多数年份伏马毒素积累量可能处于可接受水平（<4 μg/g）的杂交种。2000年伏马毒素积累量低或高的26个杂交种于2001年在伊利诺伊州的三个地点进行了非接种试验重新评估。所有三个地点谷物中的伏马毒素浓度都相对较低；因此，杂交种之间的区分较差。在两个地点，谷物中伏马毒素浓度最高的那些杂交种在接种后也具有高浓度。然而，一个接种后伏马毒素浓度相对较低的杂交种在自然条件下伏马毒素含量却处于不可接受水平（5 μg/g）。因此，需要通过接种来评估杂交种，并在有利于伏马毒素积累的环境地点进行进一步评估。
