Clements M J, Kleinschmidt C E, Maragos C M, Pataky J K, White D G
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
USDA-ARS Mycotoxin Research Unit, Peoria, IL 61604.
Plant Dis. 2003 Feb;87(2):147-153. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.2.147.
Fumonisins have been associated with potentially serious toxicoses of animals and humans. Prior to initiating a corn (Zea mays) breeding program for resistance to these mycotoxins, an efficient inoculation technique must be developed. Four inoculation techniques were evaluated on 14 commercial corn hybrids in Urbana, IL in 1999 and 2000. The techniques were: injection of inoculum through the ear husk leaves at R2 (blister); silks sprayed with inoculum at R2 and covered with a shoot bag until harvest; silks sprayed with inoculum at R2, covered with a shoot bag, reinoculated 1 week thereafter, and covered with a shoot bag until harvest; and insertion of six Fusarium-colonized toothpicks into the silk channel at R2. Only injection of inoculum through the husk leaves significantly increased the concentration of fumonisin in grain and severity of Fusarium ear rot compared with a control. This technique effectively differentiated hybrids previously identified as resistant or susceptible to Fusarium ear rot. The rank order of hybrids inoculated with this technique did not significantly change in the 2 years of this study. This technique is suitable for efficiently evaluating a large number of corn genotypes for resistance to Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin concentration.
伏马菌素与动物和人类潜在的严重中毒有关。在启动一项针对这些霉菌毒素的玉米（Zea mays）抗性育种计划之前，必须开发一种有效的接种技术。1999年和2000年在伊利诺伊州厄巴纳对14个商业玉米杂交种评估了四种接种技术。这些技术分别是：在R2（水泡期）通过穗苞叶注射接种物；在R2期向花丝喷洒接种物并套上苗袋直至收获；在R2期向花丝喷洒接种物，套上苗袋，1周后重新接种，然后套上苗袋直至收获；以及在R2期将六根被镰刀菌定殖的牙签插入花丝通道。与对照相比，只有通过苞叶注射接种物显著提高了籽粒中伏马菌素的浓度和镰刀菌穗腐病的严重程度。该技术有效地区分了先前鉴定为对镰刀菌穗腐病有抗性或易感性的杂交种。在本研究的两年中，用该技术接种的杂交种的排名顺序没有显著变化。该技术适用于高效评估大量玉米基因型对镰刀菌穗腐病的抗性和伏马菌素浓度。
