The Coral Reef Alliance, 1330 Broadway, Suite 600, Oakland, CA 94612, United States of America.
Center of Applied ecology and sustainability (CAPES), Center for the Study of Multiple Drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS) & Center for the Socioeconomic Impact of Environmental Policies (CESIEP), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 10;690:760-767. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.323. Epub 2019 Jun 22.
Despite the growing popularity of bottom-up fishery management schemes not all socio-ecological systems respond well to this approach. Unfortunately, due to the heterogeneous nature of socio-ecological systems and lack of long-term, place-based studies we have yet to disentangle the impact of social attributes on their sustainability. The gooseneck barnacle fishery in Asturias, a fishery with a long-standing tradition of bottom-up management schemes and a plethora of spatially explicit data, provides a unique opportunity to test the effect of social attributes on 7, heterogeneous, co-managed, Territorial Use Rights for Fishing (TURFs) areas. We developed an integrated index that reflects the sustainability of each individual Asturian TURF on 2 key spheres of the total environment: biosphere and anthroposphere. Additionally, we carried out detailed surveys to assess both user and governance social attributes in each TURF. The effect of these attributes on the sustainability index was assessed using Linear Regression Analysis, One Way Analysis of Variance and Analysis of Covariance. According to our results, social factors are key drivers for the sustainability of a bottom-up management system. Additionally, bottom-up management schemes promote strong governance social attributes but can be systematically weakened if user-defined social attributes are lacking. Fortunately, user-defined attributes tend to be linked and can have a compensating effect, as was the case in Asturias were conflict resolution mechanisms and strong leadership were able to compensate for low cooperation within the TURFs. Thus, social attributes must be considered when assessing the suitability or sustainability of bottom-up management schemes.
尽管自下而上的渔业管理计划越来越受欢迎，但并非所有社会-生态系统都对此方法反应良好。不幸的是，由于社会-生态系统的异质性以及缺乏长期的、基于地点的研究，我们尚未能够理清社会属性对其可持续性的影响。阿斯图里亚斯的鹅颈藤壶渔业是一种具有长期自下而上管理计划传统和大量空间明确数据的渔业，为测试社会属性对 7 个异质的、共同管理的、有地域使用权的渔业（TURFs）地区的可持续性的影响提供了独特的机会。我们开发了一个综合指数，反映了每个阿斯图里亚斯 TURF 在两个总环境领域的可持续性：生物圈和人类圈。此外，我们进行了详细的调查，以评估每个 TURF 中的用户和治理社会属性。使用线性回归分析、单因素方差分析和协方差分析来评估这些属性对可持续性指数的影响。根据我们的结果，社会因素是自下而上管理系统可持续性的关键驱动因素。此外，自下而上的管理计划促进了强有力的治理社会属性，但如果缺乏用户定义的社会属性，它们可能会被系统地削弱。幸运的是，用户定义的属性往往是相互关联的，并具有补偿效应，就像在阿斯图里亚斯一样，解决冲突的机制和强大的领导力能够弥补 TURFs 内部的低合作。因此，在评估自下而上的管理计划的适宜性或可持续性时，必须考虑社会属性。
