Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2019;115:1-19. doi: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.10.003. Epub 2018 Dec 20.
Photolyases belong to the cryptochrome/photolyase protein family (CPF) which perform different functions such as DNA repair, circadian photoreceptor, and transcriptional regulation. Photolyase is a flavoprotein that repairs UV-induced DNA damages of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts using blue-light as an energy source. This enzyme has two chromophores: flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor and a photoantenna such as methenyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF). The FAD is essential for catalysis of the DNA repair. The second chromophore absorbs photons from the blue light spectrum and transfers energy to FAD to increase the repair efficiency of the enzyme. Phylogenetic analysis in which amino acid sequences of several hundreds of CPF members are used suggests that they form more classes than we have considered so far. In this chapter, we discussed structure-functions and reaction mechanisms of different classes of photolyases.
光解酶属于隐色体/光解酶蛋白家族（CPF），具有不同的功能，如 DNA 修复、昼夜节律光感受器和转录调节。光解酶是一种黄素蛋白，利用蓝光作为能量来源修复由紫外线引起的 DNA 损伤，如环丁烷嘧啶二聚体（CPD）和嘧啶-嘧啶酮（6-4）光产物。该酶有两个辅色团：黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（FAD）作为辅因子和一个光天线，如亚甲基四氢叶酸（MTHF）。FAD 对 DNA 修复的催化至关重要。第二个辅色团吸收来自蓝光光谱的光子，并将能量传递给 FAD，以提高酶的修复效率。使用几百个 CPF 成员的氨基酸序列进行的系统发育分析表明，它们形成的类比我们迄今为止所考虑的要多。在本章中，我们讨论了不同类别的光解酶的结构-功能和反应机制。
