Oncol Res Treat. 2019;42(3):136-142. doi: 10.1159/000495151. Epub 2019 Feb 23.
Thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy and accounts for less than 1% of malignant neoplasms in humans; however, it is the most common cancer of the endocrine system and responsible for most deaths from endocrine cancer. Long non-coding (Lnc)RNAs are defined as non-coding transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides in length. Their expression deregulation plays an important role in the progress of cancer. These molecules are involved in physiologic cellular processes, genomic imprinting, inactivation of chromosome X, maintenance of pluripotency, and the formation of different organs via changes in chromatin, transcription, and translation. LncRNAs can act as a tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Several studies have shown that these molecules can interact with microRNAs and prevent their binding to messenger RNAs. Research has shown that these molecules play an important role in tumorigenicity, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation. In thyroid cancer, several lncRNAs (MALAT1, H19, BANCR, HOTAIR) have been identified as contributing factors to cancer development, and can be used as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis or even treatment. In this article, we study the newest lncRNAs and their role in thyroid cancer.
甲状腺癌是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤，占人类恶性肿瘤的比例不到 1%；然而，它是内分泌系统最常见的癌症，也是内分泌癌死亡的主要原因。长链非编码（Lnc）RNAs 被定义为长度超过 200 个核苷酸的非编码转录物。它们的表达失调在癌症的进展中起着重要作用。这些分子参与生理细胞过程、基因组印记、X 染色体失活、多能性维持以及通过染色质、转录和翻译的变化形成不同的器官。LncRNAs 可以作为肿瘤抑制基因或癌基因。一些研究表明，这些分子可以与 microRNAs 相互作用，防止它们与信使 RNA 结合。研究表明，这些分子在肿瘤发生、血管生成、增殖、迁移、凋亡和分化中发挥重要作用。在甲状腺癌中，已经确定了几种 lncRNAs（MALAT1、H19、BANCR、HOTAIR）作为癌症发展的促成因素，并且可以用作早期诊断甚至治疗的新型生物标志物。在本文中，我们研究了最新的 lncRNAs 及其在甲状腺癌中的作用。
