In recent years, more and more studies have shown that miRNAs can affect a variety of biological processes. It is important for disease prevention, treatment, diagnosis, and prognosis to study the relationships between human diseases and miRNAs. However, traditional experimental methods are time-consuming and labour-intensive. Hence, in this paper, a novel neighborhood-based computational model called NBMDA is proposed for predicting potential miRNA-disease associations. Due to the fact that known miRNA-disease associations are very rare and many diseases (or miRNAs) are associated with only one or a few miRNAs (or diseases), in NBMDA, the -nearest neighbor (KNN) method is utilized as a recommendation algorithm based on known miRNA-disease associations, miRNA functional similarity, disease semantic similarity, and Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity for miRNAs and diseases to improve its prediction accuracy. And simulation results demonstrate that NBMDA can effectively infer miRNA-disease associations with higher accuracy compared with previous state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, independent case studies of esophageal neoplasms, breast neoplasms and colon neoplasms are further implemented, and as a result, there are 47, 48, and 48 out of the top 50 predicted miRNAs having been successfully confirmed by the previously published literatures, which also indicates that NBMDA can be utilized as a powerful tool to study the relationships between miRNAs and diseases.