A secondary isotope effect in the lipoxygenase reaction.

Fatty acids containing a prochiral tritium label have often been used in the study of enzymatic reactions which involve an obligatory step of hydrogen abstraction. In the lipoxygenase reaction, the primary isotope effect associated with this approach is detected as an isotopic enrichment of the substrate. Herein we characterize a previously unrecognized secondary isotope effect which changes the specific activity of both the substrate and product. The 12-lipoxygenase of human platelets removes the 10-LS hydrogen of arachidonic acid in the formation of 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid. We studied the specific activity changes associated with conversion of the enantiomerically labeled [10-DR-3H]arachidonic acid to 12-[10-3H]hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in aspirin-treated platelets. [3-14C]Arachidonic acid served as internal standard. The most pronounced change in 3H/14C ratio in the early stages of reaction was a 15-20% deficiency of tritium in the product. Later, the remaining arachidonate showed a marked increase in 3H/14C ratio. The changes in specific activity closely matched those predicted for a secondary isotope effect. Comparison of these data with the theoretical equations for a secondary isotope effect indicated the 10-DR-3H substrate reacted at about 84% of the rate of unlabeled molecules. Interestingly, this secondary isotope effect is similar in magnitude to the secondary isotope effect in autoxidation reactions, a finding compatible with a basic similarity in reaction mechanisms in enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxygenation of lipids.