Aihara Ikkyu, Kominami Daichi, Hirano Yasuharu, Murata Masayuki
Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
R Soc Open Sci. 2019 Jan 9;6(1):181117. doi: 10.1098/rsos.181117. eCollection 2019 Jan.
Interactions using various sensory cues produce sophisticated behaviour in animal swarms, e.g. the foraging behaviour of ants and the flocking of birds and fish. Here, we investigate the behavioural mechanisms of frog choruses from the viewpoints of mathematical modelling and its application. Empirical data on male Japanese tree frogs demonstrate that (1) neighbouring male frogs avoid call overlaps with each other over a short time scale and (2) they collectively switch between the calling state and the silent state over a long time scale. To reproduce these features, we propose a mathematical model in which separate dynamical models spontaneously switch due to a stochastic process depending on the internal dynamics of respective frogs and also the interactions among the frogs. Next, the mathematical model is applied to the control of a wireless sensor network in which multiple sensor nodes send a data packet towards their neighbours so as to deliver the packet to a gateway node by multi-hop communication. Numerical simulation demonstrates that (1) neighbouring nodes can avoid a packet collision over a short time scale by alternating the timing of data transmission and (2) all the nodes collectively switch their states over a long time scale, establishing high network connectivity while reducing network power consumption. Consequently, this study highlights the unique dynamics of frog choruses over multiple time scales and also provides a novel bio-inspired technology that is applicable to the control of a wireless sensor network.
利用各种感官线索进行的相互作用会在动物群体中产生复杂的行为，例如蚂蚁的觅食行为以及鸟类和鱼类的集群行为。在此，我们从数学建模及其应用的角度研究蛙鸣的行为机制。关于日本雄树蛙的实证数据表明：（1）相邻的雄蛙在短时间尺度上会避免叫声相互重叠；（2）它们在长时间尺度上会集体在鸣叫状态和沉默状态之间切换。为了重现这些特征，我们提出了一个数学模型，其中由于一个随机过程，独立的动力学模型会根据各个青蛙的内部动态以及青蛙之间的相互作用自发地切换。接下来，该数学模型被应用于无线传感器网络的控制，在该网络中多个传感器节点向其邻居发送数据包，以便通过多跳通信将数据包传递到网关节点。数值模拟表明：（1）相邻节点可以通过交替数据传输的时间在短时间尺度上避免数据包冲突；（2）所有节点在长时间尺度上会集体切换它们的状态，在降低网络功耗的同时建立高网络连通性。因此，本研究突出了蛙鸣在多个时间尺度上的独特动态，并且还提供了一种适用于无线传感器网络控制的新型仿生技术。
