Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Clinical and Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York.
Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York.
Am J Pathol. 2019 Mar;189(3):492-501. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.11.013.
The complex relationship between diet and metabolism is an important contributor to cellular metabolism and health. Over the past few decades, a central role for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including the response to food intake, maintaining homeostasis, and the pathogenesis of disease, has been shown. Herein, we first review our current understanding of the biochemical functions of mTOR and its response to fluctuations in hormone levels, like insulin. Second, we highlight the role of mTOR in lipogenesis, adipogenesis, β-oxidation of lipids, and ketosis of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Special attention is paid to recent advances in mTOR signaling in white versus brown adipose tissues. Finally, we review how mTOR regulates cardiovascular health and disease. Together, these insights define a clearer picture of the connection between mTOR signaling, metabolic health, and disease.
饮食与代谢之间的复杂关系是细胞代谢和健康的重要影响因素。在过去的几十年中，已证明雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）在调节多种细胞过程中起着核心作用，包括对食物摄入的反应、维持体内平衡以及疾病的发病机制。在此，我们首先回顾了我们目前对 mTOR 的生化功能及其对激素水平波动（如胰岛素）的反应的理解。其次，我们强调了 mTOR 在脂肪生成、脂肪生成、脂质的β氧化以及碳水化合物、脂质和蛋白质的酮体生成中的作用。特别关注 mTOR 在白色和棕色脂肪组织中的信号转导的最新进展。最后，我们综述了 mTOR 如何调节心血管健康和疾病。综上所述，这些研究深入了解了 mTOR 信号转导、代谢健康和疾病之间的联系。
