Tesfazion Andeberhan, Zecarias Alem, Zewengiel Solomon, Willis Rebecca, Mebrahtu Goitom, Capa Eva, Mpyet Caleb, Al-Khatib Tawfik, Courtright Paul, Solomon Anthony W
a National Program for the Prevention of Blindness , Ministry of Health , Asmara , Eritrea.
b Task Force for Global Health , Decatur , GA , USA.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2018 Dec;25(sup1):121-130. doi: 10.1080/09286586.2018.1545036.
To assess Eritrea's progress towards elimination of trachoma as a public health problem, we reviewed and compiled current knowledge on the distribution and burden of trachoma in Eritrea, then undertook further population-based surveys where indicated, with support from the Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP).
For the systematic review, undertaken in March 2014, we searched (1) PubMed, using the terms ((blind* or trachoma or trichiasis) AND Eritrea); (2) the online database of rapid assessments of avoidable blindness; (3) our own grey literature collections; and (4) the Global Atlas of Trachoma database. In June and July 2014, we conducted nine population-based prevalence surveys, for each of which 30 villages were systematically selected with probability proportional to population size; in each village, 30 households were systematically selected. All consenting residents of selected households aged ≥1 year were examined by GTMP-certified graders for signs of trachoma. Data on household-level access to water and sanitation were also collected.
One previous rapid assessment of avoidable blindness, three peer-reviewed publications, and two grey literature reports detailing sets of trachoma prevalence surveys conducted in 2006 and 2011, respectively, were located. Post-intervention impact surveys were needed in seven evaluation units (EUs, framed at sub-Zoba-level: population range 40,000-120,000) of Debub and Northern Red Sea, while baseline surveys were needed in two EUs of Anseba. Four of the seven impact survey EUs and both baseline survey EUs returned trachomatous inflammation-follicular prevalences in 1-9-year-olds of ≥5%; six of the seven impact survey EUs and one of the two baseline survey EUs returned trichiasis prevalences in ≥15-year-olds of ≥0.2%. The prevalence of access to water and sanitation varied widely between EUs.
Interventions are still required in Eritrea to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem. Data from these surveys will guide the Ministry of Health to undertake programme planning using a sound evidence base.
为评估厄立特里亚在消除沙眼这一公共卫生问题方面取得的进展，我们回顾并汇总了厄立特里亚沙眼分布和负担的现有知识，然后在全球沙眼地图绘制项目（GTMP）的支持下，在必要地区开展了进一步的基于人群的调查。
2014年3月进行系统综述时，我们检索了：（1）PubMed，检索词为（（失明*或沙眼或倒睫）AND厄立特里亚）；（2）可避免失明快速评估在线数据库；（3）我们自己收集的灰色文献；（4）全球沙眼地图数据库。2014年6月和7月，我们开展了9项基于人群的患病率调查，每项调查按人口规模比例概率系统选取30个村庄；在每个村庄，系统选取30户家庭。所有年龄≥1岁且同意参与的选定家庭居民由GTMP认证的分级人员检查是否有沙眼体征。还收集了家庭层面的用水和卫生设施数据。
找到了一份先前的可避免失明快速评估报告、三篇同行评审出版物以及两份灰色文献报告，分别详细介绍了2006年和2011年进行的一系列沙眼患病率调查。在德布卜和红海北部的7个评估单位（按次区一级划分：人口范围40,000 - 120,000）需要进行干预后影响调查，而在安塞卜的2个评估单位需要进行基线调查。7个影响调查评估单位中的4个以及2个基线调查评估单位中，1 - 9岁儿童沙眼性炎症 - 滤泡型患病率≥5%；7个影响调查评估单位中的6个以及2个基线调查评估单位中的1个，≥15岁人群倒睫患病率≥0.2%。各评估单位之间获得用水和卫生设施的患病率差异很大。
厄立特里亚仍需采取干预措施以消除沙眼这一公共卫生问题。这些调查数据将指导卫生部在可靠的证据基础上进行项目规划。
