Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Stanford University , Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford , California 94305 , United States.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 May 21;53(10):5534-5542. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05913. Epub 2019 Mar 11.
The capture, treatment, and recharge of urban runoff can augment water supplies for water-scarce cities. This article describes trends in urban stormwater capture for potable water supply using examples from the U.S. and Australia. In water-limited climates, water supply potential exists for large scale stormwater harvesting and recharge, such as neighborhood-scale and larger projects. The beneficial use of urban stormwater to meet nonpotable water demands has been successfully demonstrated in the U.S. and internationally. However, in terms of potable water use in the U.S., the lack of a regulatory framework and uncertainty in treatment and water quality targets are barriers to wide-scale adoption of urban stormwater for recharge, which is not so evident in Australia. More data on urban stormwater quality, particularly with respect to pathogens and polar organic contaminants, are needed to better inform treatment requirements. New technologies hold promise for improved operation and treatment, but must be demonstrated in field trials. Stormwater treatment systems may be needed for large-scale recharge in highly urbanized areas where source control is challenging. The co-benefits of water supply, urban amenities, and pollution reduction are important for financing, public acceptance and implementation-but are rarely quantified.
城市径流的捕获、处理和补给可以增加水资源匮乏城市的供水。本文通过美国和澳大利亚的例子描述了为饮用水供应而进行城市雨水捕获的趋势。在水资源有限的气候条件下，存在大规模雨水收集和补给的供水潜力，例如社区规模及更大规模的项目。在美国和国际上，已经成功地证明了将城市雨水用于满足非饮用水需求的好处。然而，就美国的饮用水使用而言，缺乏监管框架以及对处理和水质目标的不确定性，是阻碍大规模采用城市雨水进行补给的障碍，而在澳大利亚，这种情况并不明显。需要更多关于城市雨水水质的数据，特别是有关病原体和极性有机污染物的数据，以便更好地了解处理要求。新技术有望改善运营和处理，但必须在现场试验中得到证明。在源控制具有挑战性的高度城市化地区，可能需要大规模补给的雨水处理系统。供水、城市设施和减少污染的共同效益对于融资、公众接受和实施非常重要，但很少被量化。
