State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
J Cell Physiol. 2019 Aug;234(10):16692-16702. doi: 10.1002/jcp.28354. Epub 2019 Feb 26.
Dysfunction of the adipose tissue is a central driver for obesity-associated diabetes. It is characterized by dysregulated adipokine secretion, which contributes to insulin resistance of key metabolic tissues, including the liver, skeletal muscles, and fat itself. The inter-organ cross talk between the adipose tissue and the other organs as well as the intra-organ cross talk between adipocytes and macrophages within the adipose tissue, traditionally mediated by hormones, was recently evidenced to be regulated by adipose-derived exosomes. Exosomes are nano-sized membrane-bound vesicles secreted by the donor cells to modify intercellular communication by translating constituent nucleic acids and proteins to the target cells. Herein, we reviewed the latest progress in understanding the role of adipose-derived exosomes in the development of insulin resistance, a key mechanism that underpins diabetes and diabetic complications, with a special focus on the role of exosomal miRNAs (micro RNAs) and proteins, and discusses the potential implications of targeting adipose tissue-derived exosomes for diabetic therapeutics.
脂肪组织功能障碍是肥胖相关糖尿病的一个核心驱动因素。其特征是脂肪因子分泌失调，导致包括肝脏、骨骼肌和脂肪本身在内的关键代谢组织的胰岛素抵抗。脂肪组织与其他器官之间的器官间相互作用以及脂肪组织内脂肪细胞与巨噬细胞之间的组织内相互作用，传统上是由激素介导的，最近被证明是由脂肪衍生的外泌体调节的。外泌体是供体细胞分泌的纳米大小的膜结合囊泡，通过将内含物的核酸和蛋白质翻译成靶细胞来改变细胞间通讯。在此，我们综述了理解脂肪衍生外泌体在胰岛素抵抗发展中的作用的最新进展，胰岛素抵抗是糖尿病和糖尿病并发症的关键机制，特别关注外泌体 miRNA（microRNAs）和蛋白质的作用，并讨论了针对脂肪组织衍生外泌体的糖尿病治疗的潜在意义。
