Wan Huihua, Yu Chao, Han Yu, Guo Xuelian, Luo Le, Pan Huitang, Zheng Tangchun, Wang Jia, Cheng Tangren, Zhang Qixiang
Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Engineering Research Center of Landscape Environment of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2019 Feb 12;10:123. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00123. eCollection 2019.
Rose is one of the most valuable ornamental crops worldwide. In this study, the composition of hydrophilic and lipophilic pigments in petals of six rose cultivars at seven developing stages was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Four anthocyanins, 20 flavonols, and 10 carotenoids were detected in petals of tested cultivars. Major individual anthocyanin, flavonol, and carotenoid were cyanidin/pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside, kaempferol 3--rhamnoside, and (9)-violaxanthin, respectively. Significant differences were observed in pigments content in petals of different rose cultivars. The yellow petals of YI and GC exhibited no to very small amounts of anthocyanins, moderate amount of total flavonols, and highest content of total carotenoids. Similarly, pink petals of PF, WQ, and YX showed average concentration of total anthocyanins, highest concentration of total flavonols, and small amount of carotenoids. Further, orange petals of CH showed highest content of total anthocyanins, lowest content of total flavonols, and average content of total carotenoids. Correlation analysis demonstrated that there were many pigments influencing petal colors. Moreover, multiple linear regression indicated that pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside, total anthocyanins and (9)-violaxanthin were the major factors. In addition, this study showed that orange cultivar CH, pink cultivar PF and yellow cultivar YI can have great potential as a natural source for the extraction of pelargonidin 3--glucoside, kaempferol 3--rhamnoside, and (9)-violaxanthin, respectively. These investigations would contribute toward understanding the mechanism on the development of flower colors and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of rose with specific color.
玫瑰是全球最具价值的观赏作物之一。在本研究中，利用高效液相色谱和质谱法对六个玫瑰品种在七个发育阶段花瓣中的亲水性和脂溶性色素组成进行了研究。在受试品种的花瓣中检测到了四种花青素、20种黄酮醇和10种类胡萝卜素。主要的单一花青素、黄酮醇和类胡萝卜素分别为矢车菊素/天竺葵素3,5 - 二葡萄糖苷、山奈酚3 - 鼠李糖苷和（9）-紫黄质。不同玫瑰品种花瓣中的色素含量存在显著差异。‘逸’（YI）和‘歌城’（GC）的黄色花瓣花青素含量极少至几乎没有，总黄酮醇含量适中，总类胡萝卜素含量最高。同样，‘妃嫔’（PF）、‘婉绮’（WQ）和‘映雪’（YX）的粉色花瓣花青素总量浓度平均，总黄酮醇浓度最高，类胡萝卜素含量较少。此外，‘橙梦露’（CH）的橙色花瓣花青素总量含量最高，总黄酮醇含量最低，总类胡萝卜素含量平均。相关性分析表明，有许多色素影响花瓣颜色。此外，多元线性回归表明天竺葵素3,5 - 二葡萄糖苷、总花青素和（9）-紫黄质是主要因素。此外，本研究表明橙色品种‘橙梦露’、粉色品种‘妃嫔’和黄色品种‘逸’分别具有作为提取天竺葵素3 - 葡萄糖苷、山奈酚3 - 鼠李糖苷和（9）-紫黄质天然来源的巨大潜力。这些研究将有助于理解花色发育的机制，并为培育特定颜色的玫瑰提供理论依据。
