Ahmed Hanan, Ospina Maria B, Sideri Kyriaki, Vliagoftis Harissios
1Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON N2M 5E2 Canada.
Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Medicine, Edmonton, AB T5H 3V9 Canada.
Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2019 Feb 13;15:6. doi: 10.1186/s13223-019-0320-y. eCollection 2019.
Sensitization to common environmental aeroallergens plays a significant role in the pathogenesis and severity of respiratory allergic disorders, specifically asthma and allergic rhinitis. Understanding sensitization patterns helps clinicians tailor care more effectively. This study examines patterns of sensitization to aeroallergens in subjects suspected of having an allergic disease in Edmonton and catchment area.
Retrospective chart review of skin prick test (SPT) results to 11 environmental aeroallergens performed between January 1st and June 30th 2014 at a University-based clinic, where patients are referred for SPT by allergists, respirologists, otolaryngologists, internists and general practitioners. Potential differences in aeroallergen sensitization patterns were evaluated.
A total of 623 patients (36.9% males; 63.1% females), aged 4-84 years (mean age 38.6 years) had SPT done, of which 438 (70.3%) had a positive test for at least one aeroallergen (atopy). There were no significant sex differences in the frequency of atopy (males: 71.3% versus females: 69.7%; p = 0.373). The frequency of sensitivity to particular allergens among atopic subjects was: cat (53.1%), house dust mites (50.3%), grass (39.2%), birch (23.7%), alternaria (23.7%), dog (17.3%), poplar (12.1%), cedar (9.6%), aspergillus (9.6%), hormodendrum (8%), and penicillium (6.2%). Of 438 atopic patients, 110 (25.1%) were mono sensitized, 199 (45.4%) oligosensitized (2-3 allergens), and 129 (29.5%) polysensitized (≥ 4 allergens). There were no significant differences between males and females in the odds of being oligo-sensitized (OR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.58, 1.57). Polysensitization was significantly more frequent in males 37.2% than in females 24.8%; (OR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.58, 1.57).
Cat is the most frequent perennial allergen and timothy grass pollen the most frequent seasonal allergen in Edmonton and catchment area. There was no significant difference in the frequency of atopy between males and females. However, males were more likely to be polysensitized compared to females.
对常见环境气传变应原的致敏在呼吸道过敏性疾病（尤其是哮喘和过敏性鼻炎）的发病机制和严重程度中起重要作用。了解致敏模式有助于临床医生更有效地提供个性化治疗。本研究调查了埃德蒙顿及其周边地区疑似患有过敏性疾病的受试者对气传变应原的致敏模式。
对2014年1月1日至6月30日在一家大学诊所进行的针对11种环境气传变应原的皮肤点刺试验（SPT）结果进行回顾性图表分析，这些患者由过敏症专科医生、呼吸科医生、耳鼻喉科医生、内科医生和全科医生转诊来进行SPT。评估气传变应原致敏模式的潜在差异。
共有623例患者（男性占36.9%；女性占63.1%），年龄在4至84岁之间（平均年龄38.6岁）接受了SPT，其中438例（70.3%）至少对一种气传变应原检测呈阳性（特应性）。特应性频率在性别上无显著差异（男性：71.3%，女性：69.7%；p = 0.373）。特应性受试者中对特定变应原的敏感频率分别为：猫（53.1%）、屋尘螨（50.3%）、草（39.2%）、桦树（23.7%）、链格孢属（23.7%）、狗（17.3%）、杨树（12.1%）、雪松（9.6%）、曲霉属（9.6%）、分支孢属（8%）和青霉属（6.2%）。在438例特应性患者中，110例（25.1%）为单致敏，199例（45.4%）为寡致敏（2 - 3种变应原），129例（29.5%）为多致敏（≥4种变应原）。寡致敏的几率在男性和女性之间无显著差异（OR：0.95；95% CI 0.58，1.57）。多致敏在男性中显著高于女性，分别为37.2%和24.8%；（OR：0.95；95% CI 0.58，1.57）。
在埃德蒙顿及其周边地区，猫是最常见的常年性变应原，梯牧草花粉是最常见的季节性变应原。特应性频率在男性和女性之间无显著差异。然而，与女性相比，男性更易发生多致敏。
