Radoman Milena, Hoeppner Susanne S, Schuster Randi M, Evins A Eden, Gilman Jodi M
Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Center for Addiction Medicine, 101 Merrimac Street, Suite 320, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2019 Aug;19(4):1047-1058. doi: 10.3758/s13415-019-00704-4.
Marijuana (MJ) use and major depressive disorder (MDD) have both been associated with deficits in verbal learning and memory as well as structural brain abnormalities. It is not known if MJ use by those with MDD confers additional impairment. The goal of this study was to examine unique and combined effects of MDD and MJ use on verbal memory and brain structure. Young adults (n=141) aged 18-25 years with MJ use and no lifetime MDD (MJ, n=46), MDD and no MJ use (MDD, n=23), MJ use and lifetime MDD (MDD+MJ, n=24), and healthy controls without MDD or MJ use (CON, n=48) were enrolled. Participants completed the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II), a measure of verbal learning and memory. A sub-sample of 82 participants also underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Group differences in CVLT-II performance, cortical thickness, and hippocampal volume were assessed. We found an additive effect of MDD and MJ on memory recall. Only MDD, but not MJ, was associated with poorer initial learning, fewer words recalled, more intrusion errors, and lower percent retention. There was also an additive effect of MDD and MJ use on reduced cortical thickness in the middle temporal gyrus. Findings indicate that MJ use and MDD have additive adverse associations with verbal recall and cortical thickness in the middle temporal gyrus, suggesting that MJ use among those with MDD may be contraindicated. Prospective studies are warranted to determine whether this association may be causal.
吸食大麻（MJ）和重度抑郁症（MDD）均与言语学习和记忆缺陷以及脑结构异常有关。尚不清楚患有MDD的人吸食MJ是否会带来额外损害。本研究的目的是检验MDD和吸食MJ对言语记忆和脑结构的独特及联合影响。招募了18至25岁的年轻成年人（n = 141），其中包括吸食MJ但无终生MDD病史者（MJ组，n = 46）、患有MDD但未吸食MJ者（MDD组，n = 23）、吸食MJ且有终生MDD病史者（MDD + MJ组，n = 24）以及无MDD或MJ使用史的健康对照者（CON组，n = 48）。参与者完成了《加利福尼亚言语学习测验第二版》（CVLT-II），这是一项言语学习和记忆的测量工具。82名参与者的子样本还接受了结构磁共振成像（MRI）扫描。评估了CVLT-II表现、皮质厚度和海马体积的组间差异。我们发现MDD和MJ对记忆回忆有累加效应。仅MDD与较差的初始学习、较少的回忆单词数、更多的侵入性错误以及较低的保持率相关，而MJ则无此关联。MDD和吸食MJ对颞中回皮质厚度降低也有累加效应。研究结果表明，吸食MJ和MDD在言语回忆和颞中回皮质厚度方面存在累加性不良关联，这表明患有MDD的人可能不宜吸食MJ。有必要进行前瞻性研究以确定这种关联是否可能具有因果关系。
