Copes W E, Hendrix F F
Small Fruit Research Station, USDA-ARS, Poplarville, MS 39470.
Professor Emeritus, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
Plant Dis. 2004 Mar;88(3):292-296. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.3.292.
Three Botryosphaeria spp. were grown on autoclaved apple and peach stems in cotton-plugged tubes with constant moisture at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30°C to determine the effect of temperature on sporulation. Number of conidia per pycnidium was determined weekly from 4 to 10 weeks after inoculation. The experiment was repeated three times. Maximum sporulation occurred at 24°C with B. dothidea and at 18 and 24°C with B. obtusa. Spore production of both fungi showed a quadratic curvilinear response to temperature. Pycnidia were erumpent, typical of their habit in nature. Maximum sporulation of B. rhodina occurred at 12, 24, and 30°C instead of at a distinctive peak. Of the three fungi, B. rhodina produced the greatest number of conidia per pycnidium at all temperatures. Mycelia and pycnidia of B. rhodina grew on top of the bark, which is atypical of their habit in nature. For spore production by B. dothidea, there was a significant interaction between temperature and time. Maximum sporulation over the 10-week period occurred in week 4 and/or 6 for B. dothidea at 12, 18, and 24°C, with a linear response at 12 and 24°C (P ≤0.05). Conidial maturation of B. obtusa and B. rhodina had a quadratic curvilinear response due to temperature, with a maximum maturation at 12, 18, and 24°C with B. obtusa and at 24°C with B. rhodina. Spore maturation would affect longevity of conidial viability. Maximum spore production over time and percent pigmented spores over time by B. obtusa, and spore maturation over time by B. rhodina occurred in weeks 8, 9, and 10 with a significant linear response (P ≤ 0.05). All three Botryosphaeria spp. produced conidia over the 6 to 30°C range and over the 7-week period (weeks 4 to 10), with maximum sporulation or spore maturation at 18 to 24°C.
将三种葡萄座腔菌属真菌接种在经过高压灭菌的苹果和桃树枝条上，置于用棉花塞住的试管中，保持恒定湿度，分别在6、12、18、24和30°C下培养，以确定温度对产孢的影响。接种后4至10周每周测定每个分生孢子器中的分生孢子数量。该实验重复进行了三次。苹果葡萄座腔菌在24°C时产孢量最大，钝形葡萄座腔菌在18°C和24°C时产孢量最大。两种真菌的孢子产生对温度均呈二次曲线响应。分生孢子器突出外露，这是它们在自然状态下的典型特征。变红葡萄座腔菌的最大产孢量出现在12°C、24°C和30°C，而非在一个明显的峰值温度。在这三种真菌中，变红葡萄座腔菌在所有温度下每个分生孢子器产生的分生孢子数量最多。变红葡萄座腔菌的菌丝体和分生孢子器生长在树皮表面，这与它们在自然状态下的习性不同。对于苹果葡萄座腔菌的孢子产生，温度和时间之间存在显著的交互作用。在12°C、18°C和24°C时，苹果葡萄座腔菌在第4周和/或第6周出现10周内的最大产孢量，在12°C和24°C时呈线性响应（P≤0.05）。钝形葡萄座腔菌和变红葡萄座腔菌的分生孢子成熟对温度呈二次曲线响应，钝形葡萄座腔菌在12°C、18°C和24°C时成熟度最高，变红葡萄座腔菌在24°C时成熟度最高。孢子成熟会影响分生孢子活力的持续时间。钝形葡萄座腔菌随时间的最大孢子产量、随时间的有色孢子百分比以及变红葡萄座腔菌随时间的孢子成熟度在第8、9和10周出现，呈显著的线性响应（P≤0.05）。所有三种葡萄座腔菌属真菌在6至30°C范围内以及7周时间（第4至10周）内都能产生分生孢子，最大产孢量或孢子成熟度出现在18至24°C。
