Stinson A M, Zidack N K, Strobel G A, Jacobsen B J
Department of Plant Science and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717-3150.
Plant Dis. 2003 Nov;87(11):1349-1354. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.11.1349.
Mycofumigation is the use of antimicrobial volatiles produced by fungi such as Muscodor albusitalic and M. roseus for the control of other organisms. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) stand establishment was increased and disease severity decreased by mycofumigation with M. roseus and M. albus in autoclaved soil infested with Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, or Aphanomyces cochlioides. Eggplant seedlings (Solanum melongena L.) transplanted into autoclaved soil infested with Verticillium dahliae and mycofumigated with M. albus and M. roseus had significantly less disease (P < 0.05) after 4 and 5 weeks compared with nonmycofumigated Verticillium-infested soil. The effect of formulation on efficacy of mycofumigation with M. roseus was tested using potato dextrose agar strips, alginate capsules, ground barley, pesta granules, and stabileze granules. The stabileze and ground barley formulations of M. roseus resulted in the best control of P. ultimum damping-off. The best control of A. cochlioides damping-off was with the stabileze formulation, and the stabileze, ground barley, and agar strip formulations provided similar control of R. solani damping-off. In soil infested with P. ultimum, mycofumigation with M. albus stabileze formulation resulted in stand establishment similar to that in the autoclaved soil. Mycofumigation was ineffective in controlling Fusarium wilt of sugar beet. Neither M. albus nor M. roseus affected sugar beet or eggplant growth or appearance except in the stabileze formulation, where stunting was noticed. Mycofumigation with M. albus and M. roseus shows promise for control of soilborne diseases caused by P. ultimum, A. cochlioides, R. solani, and V. dahliae.
真菌熏蒸是指利用诸如白色麝香霉（Muscodor albusitalic）和粉红麝香霉（M. roseus）等真菌产生的抗微生物挥发物来控制其他生物。在用茄丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）、终极腐霉（Pythium ultimum）或甜菜根腐病菌（Aphanomyces cochlioides）侵染的高压灭菌土壤中，用粉红麝香霉和白色麝香霉进行真菌熏蒸可增加甜菜（Beta vulgaris L.）的定植并降低病害严重程度。与未进行真菌熏蒸的受大丽轮枝菌（Verticillium dahliae）侵染的土壤相比，移植到受大丽轮枝菌侵染的高压灭菌土壤中并用白色麝香霉和粉红麝香霉进行真菌熏蒸的茄子幼苗（Solanum melongena L.）在4周和5周后病害明显减轻（P < 0.05）。使用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂条、藻酸盐胶囊、磨碎的大麦、害虫防治颗粒剂和稳定化颗粒剂测试了制剂对粉红麝香霉真菌熏蒸效果的影响。粉红麝香霉的稳定化制剂和磨碎的大麦制剂对终极腐霉猝倒病的防治效果最佳。对甜菜根腐病菌猝倒病的最佳防治是使用稳定化制剂，而稳定化制剂、磨碎的大麦制剂和琼脂条制剂对茄丝核菌猝倒病的防治效果相似。在受终极腐霉侵染的土壤中，用白色麝香霉稳定化制剂进行真菌熏蒸后，定植情况与高压灭菌土壤中的相似。真菌熏蒸对控制甜菜枯萎病无效。除了稳定化制剂中出现矮化现象外，白色麝香霉和粉红麝香霉均未影响甜菜或茄子的生长及外观。用白色麝香霉和粉红麝香霉进行真菌熏蒸在控制由终极腐霉、甜菜根腐病菌、茄丝核菌和大丽轮枝菌引起的土传病害方面显示出前景。
