Fatemi Mahsa, Rezaei-Moghaddam Kurosh
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Heliyon. 2019 Feb 15;5(2):e01229. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01229. eCollection 2019 Feb.
Agriculture is one of the primary activities that affects the environment due to natural resources consumption. Therefore, systematic environmental management for the agricultural sector is required. This study was conducted to analyze the paradigmatic perspective and strategies of agricultural environmental management in Iran. Considering basic criteria of environmental management, three paradigms of frontier economics, eco-development and deep ecology were compared using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The AHP, is a multi-criteria decision making techniques which is useful when there are different alternatives or indicators in decision making. Comparisons were based on the viewpoints of 117 policy makers, superior managers and main elites and agriculture sector researchers. Environmental managerial strategies also have been studied. Findings revealed paradoxes among the paradigmatic perspectives and selected strategies of different agricultural stakeholders which reduce their effective interactions. Frontier economics is the dominant viewpoint of key agricultural policy makers and other governmental executives. They prefer independent reactive strategies to cope with environmental challenges. Agricultural researchers and private sector authorities believe in eco-development. They have selected cooperative proactive strategies in this regard. Finally, deep ecology has the highest priority according to environmental specialists, who endorse strategic maneuvering and believe in modifying, rethinking and redesigning previous strategies. A paradigm shift, as well as consistency between paradigmatic perspectives and executive strategies, is suggested.
农业是因自然资源消耗而对环境产生影响的主要活动之一。因此，需要对农业部门进行系统的环境管理。本研究旨在分析伊朗农业环境管理的范式视角和策略。考虑到环境管理的基本标准，运用层次分析法（AHP）对前沿经济学、生态发展和深度生态学这三种范式进行了比较。层次分析法是一种多标准决策技术，在决策中有不同备选方案或指标时很有用。比较是基于117位政策制定者、高级管理人员、主要精英以及农业部门研究人员的观点进行的。还对环境管理策略进行了研究。研究结果揭示了不同农业利益相关者的范式视角和所选策略之间存在的矛盾，这降低了他们之间的有效互动。前沿经济学是主要农业政策制定者和其他政府行政人员的主导观点。他们倾向于采用独立的应对策略来应对环境挑战。农业研究人员和私营部门当局信奉生态发展。他们在这方面选择了合作的积极策略。最后，根据环境专家的意见，深度生态学具有最高优先级，他们支持战略调整，并相信要对先前的策略进行修改、重新思考和重新设计。建议进行范式转变，以及范式视角与执行策略之间保持一致。
