Pentreath R J
Environmental Systems Science Centre, The University of Reading, PO Box 227, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AB, UK.
J Environ Radioact. 2004;74(1-3):19-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.024.
There is now a general consensus of opinion that an explicit approach is necessary to demonstrate radiation protection of the environment, and that this approach needs to be developed in a systematic way. The framework that is emerging links ethical and moral issues (anthropocentric, biocentric, and ecocentric) to broad-based principles and objectives of environmental protection (sustainable development, maintaining biological diversity, and habitat protection) and then links these, in turn, to the needs of current environmental management practices, such as environmental exploitation, pollution control, and nature conservation. The relevance of this to radiation is that its effects (such as causing early mortality, morbidity, reduced reproductive success, as well as resulting in observable (scorable) cytogenetic damage) are those that may have a bearing on these same environmental management practices. The devise that would appear to be most useful to bridge the gap between our disparate data on radiation effects and the needs of environmental management, is that of adding to the concept of Reference Man in the shape of a small set of Reference Animals and Plants. This approach has now been adopted by the ICRP, adding new dynamics-the motive forces, both moral and physical-to the subject. The way is now clear for rapid progress to be made on a number of fronts.
现在人们已普遍达成共识，即需要一种明确的方法来证明对环境的辐射防护，而且这种方法需要系统地加以制定。正在形成的框架将伦理和道德问题（人类中心主义、生物中心主义和生态中心主义）与广泛的环境保护原则和目标（可持续发展、维护生物多样性和栖息地保护）联系起来，然后再将这些与当前环境管理实践的需求联系起来，如环境开发、污染控制和自然保护。这与辐射的相关性在于，其影响（如导致早期死亡、发病、繁殖成功率降低以及造成可观察到（可计分）的细胞遗传损伤）可能与这些相同的环境管理实践有关。为弥合我们关于辐射影响的不同数据与环境管理需求之间的差距，似乎最有用的设计是在“参考人”概念的基础上增加一小部分“参考动植物”。国际放射防护委员会现已采用了这种方法，为该主题增添了新的活力——道德和物理动力。现在，在多个方面取得快速进展的道路已经明晰。
