膳食亚油酸/α-亚麻酸比例对足月儿生长及视觉功能的影响

Effect of dietary linoleic/alpha-linolenic acid ratio on growth and visual function of term infants.

作者信息

Jensen C L, Prager T C, Fraley J K, Chen H, Anderson R E, Heird W C

机构信息

U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, University of Texas, Houston, USA.

出版信息

J Pediatr. 1997 Aug;131(2):200-9. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(97)70154-9.

DOI:10.1016/s0022-3476(97)70154-9

PMID:9290604

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To determine the effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) intake (or the dietary linoleic acid [LA]/ALA ratio) on the growth and visual function of term infants.

STUDY DESIGN

Normal term infants were assigned randomly and in masked fashion at birth to receive formulas with approximately 16% of total fatty acids as LA and 0.4%, 1.0%, 1.7%, or 3.2% of fatty acids as ALA (LA/ALA ratios of 44, 18.2, 9.7, and 4.8) for the first 4 months of life. The fatty acid pattern of plasma phospholipids was determined shortly after birth and at approximately 21, 60, and 120 days of age. Anthropometric data were obtained at the same times and also at approximately 240 days of age. Transient visual evoked responses (VERs) were measured at approximately 120 and 240 days of age. For comparisons, anthropometric and VER data also were obtained in infants who were exclusively breast-fed for the first 4 months of life.

RESULTS

Infants who received the formula with 3.2% ALA (LA/ALA ratio, 4.8) had higher plasma concentrations of phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) but lower concentrations of arachidonic acid at 21, 60, and 120 days of age. Mean weight of this group at 120 days of age was 760 gm less (p < 0.05) than the mean weight of the group that received the formula with 0.4% ALA (LA/ALA ratio, 44). Despite differences in plasma phospholipid DHA contents among groups, neither VER latency nor amplitude differed significantly among formula groups or between any formula group and age-matched, breast-fed infants.

CONCLUSIONS

The highest versus the lowest ALA intake (or the lowest vs the highest LA/ALA ratio) resulted in higher plasma phospholipid DHA content from 21 to 120 days of age but was not associated with improved visual function as assessed by transient VER. Moreover, mean body weight of infants who received the highest versus lowest ALA intake was less at 120 days (p < 0.05). These data suggest that the lower LA/ALA ratios currently recommended for infant formulas should not be adopted until the effect of such ratios on growth are evaluated more completely.

摘要

目的

确定α-亚麻酸（ALA）摄入量（或膳食亚油酸[LA]/ALA 比值）对足月儿生长和视觉功能的影响。

研究设计

正常足月儿在出生时随机分组并采用盲法，在出生后的前 4 个月接受总脂肪酸中约 16%为 LA 且 0.4%、1.0%、1.7%或 3.2%为 ALA（LA/ALA 比值分别为 44、18.2、9.7 和 4.8）的配方奶。在出生后不久以及大约 21、60 和 120 日龄时测定血浆磷脂的脂肪酸模式。在相同时间以及大约 240 日龄时获取人体测量数据。在大约 120 和 240 日龄时测量瞬态视觉诱发电位（VERs）。为作比较，还获取了在出生后前 4 个月纯母乳喂养婴儿的人体测量和 VER 数据。

结果

摄入含 3.2% ALA（LA/ALA 比值为 4.8）配方奶的婴儿在 21、60 和 120 日龄时血浆磷脂二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）浓度较高，但花生四烯酸浓度较低。该组在 120 日龄时的平均体重比摄入含 0.4% ALA（LA/ALA 比值为 44）配方奶组的平均体重轻 760 克（p<0.05）。尽管各配方奶组之间血浆磷脂 DHA 含量存在差异，但各配方奶组之间或任何配方奶组与年龄匹配的母乳喂养婴儿之间，VER 潜伏期和波幅均无显著差异。

结论

从 21 至 120 日龄，最高与最低 ALA 摄入量（或最低与最高 LA/ALA 比值）导致血浆磷脂 DHA 含量较高，但与瞬态 VER 评估的视觉功能改善无关。此外，摄入最高与最低 ALA 量的婴儿在 120 日龄时平均体重较轻（p<0.05）。这些数据表明，在更全面评估目前推荐的婴儿配方奶较低 LA/ALA 比值对生长的影响之前，不应采用该比值。