Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Nutrients. 2021 Sep 24;13(10):3355. doi: 10.3390/nu13103355.
Food production greatly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), but there remain concerns that consuming environmentally sustainable foods can increase the likelihood of nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy. We identified commonly consumed foods of pregnant women and determined the effect of their replacement with environmentally sustainable alternatives on nutrient intake and measures of environmental sustainability. Dietary intake data from 171 pregnant women was assessed and foods that contributed the most to energy and protein intake were identified. Of these, foods producing the highest GHG emissions were matched with proposed environmentally sustainable alternatives, and their impact on nutrient provision determined. Meats, grains, and dairy products were identified as important sources of energy and protein. With the highest GHG emissions, beef was selected as the reference food. Proposed alternatives included chicken, eggs, fish, tofu, legumes, and nuts. The most pronounced reductions in CO emissions were from replacing beef with tofu, legumes, and nuts. Replacing one serve per week of beef with an isocaloric serve of firm tofu during pregnancy could reduce GHG emissions by 372 kg CO eq and increase folate (+28.1 µg/serve) and fiber (+3.3 g/serve) intake without compromising iron (+1.1 mg/serve) intake. Small dietary substitutions with environmentally sustainable alternatives can substantially reduce environmental impact without compromising nutrient adequacy.
食物生产对温室气体排放（GHG）有很大贡献，但仍有人担心食用环境可持续的食物会增加孕妇营养缺乏的可能性。我们确定了孕妇常吃的食物，并确定用环境可持续的替代品替代这些食物对营养摄入和环境可持续性措施的影响。评估了 171 名孕妇的饮食摄入数据，并确定了对能量和蛋白质摄入贡献最大的食物。在这些食物中，产生最高温室气体排放的食物与拟议的环境可持续替代品相匹配，并确定了它们对营养供应的影响。肉类、谷物和奶制品是能量和蛋白质的重要来源。牛肉的温室气体排放量最高，被选为参考食物。拟议的替代品包括鸡肉、鸡蛋、鱼类、豆腐、豆类和坚果。用豆腐、豆类和坚果代替每周一份牛肉，可以将 CO 排放量减少 372 公斤 CO eq，并增加叶酸（+28.1 µg/份）和纤维（+3.3 g/份）的摄入，同时不影响铁（+1.1 mg/份）的摄入。用环境可持续的替代品进行小的饮食替代可以大大减少环境影响，同时不影响营养充足性。
