Gallian J J, Wintermantel W M, Hamm P B
University of Idaho, Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, P.O. Box 1827, Twin Falls 83303-1827.
USDA-ARS, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905.
Plant Dis. 2002 Jan;86(1):72. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.1.72C.
Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and vectored by the soilborne fungus, Polymyxa betae Keskin, is one of the most economically damaging diseases affecting sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) worldwide and has been found in most sugar beet-growing areas of the United States (2). During harvest in October 2000, sugar beet plants exhibiting typical symptoms of rhizomania (1) were found in a field near Paterson, WA. Sugar beet had been planted in the field in 1999 and 2000, but prior to this, the field had not been planted with sugar beet for approximately 20 years. Symptomatic roots from the field exhibited stunting, vascular discoloration, and proliferation of lateral rootlets. Leaves of affected plants were chlorotic. Four soil samples were taken from symptomatic areas of the field and diluted with an equal amount of sterile sand. Seeds of rhizomania-susceptible sugar beet cv. Beta 8422 were planted in the soil and sand mix and maintained in a controlled environment at 24°C and 12 h of daylight at one location and in the greenhouse at another. After 8 weeks, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed on roots of plants grown at each location. Triple-antibody sandwich (TAS) ELISA (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN) was conducted at the University of Idaho, Twin Falls, ID and double-antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA was performed at USDA-ARS, Salinas, CA, with antiserum specific for BNYVV (2). Two of four samples were positive for BNYVV in the ELISA tests at both locations based on absorbance values at least three times those of healthy controls. TAS-ELISA tests were conducted on roots collected in July 2001 from a field in Washington, 12.9 km from the first field, as well as from a field across the Columbia River near Boardman, OR. Samples from both fields tested positive for BNYVV. All three fields are within 24 km of one another. Four additional fields have subsequently been confirmed to be infected with BNYVV in this region, based on symptomology and ELISA. There are approximately 3,240 ha of sugar beet grown in the region, and growers have been advised as a result of this confirmation to plant resistant cultivars and increase the sugar beet rotation interval with nonhost crops to a minimum of 4 years. References: (1) J. E. Duffus. Rhizomania. Pages 29-30 in: Compendium of Beet Diseases and Insects. E. D. Whitney and J. E. Duffus, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1986. (2) G. C. Wisler et al. Plant Dis. 83:864, 1999.
由甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（BNYVV）引起、由土壤传播真菌甜菜多黏菌（Polymyxa betae Keskin）传播的根腐病，是全球范围内对甜菜（Beta vulgaris L.）经济危害最大的病害之一，在美国大部分甜菜种植区都有发现（2）。2000年10月收获期间，在华盛顿州帕特森附近的一块田地里发现了表现出根腐病典型症状的甜菜植株（1）。该田地在1999年和2000年种植过甜菜，但在此之前，大约20年未种植甜菜。该田地有症状的根表现出发育不良、维管束变色和侧根增生。受影响植株的叶片发黄。从田地有症状的区域采集了4份土壤样本，并用等量的无菌沙子进行稀释。将易感根腐病的甜菜品种Beta 8422的种子种植在土壤和沙子的混合物中，分别在一个地方的可控环境（24°C，12小时光照）和另一个地方的温室中培育。8周后，对在每个地方生长的植株的根进行酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）。三抗体夹心（TAS）ELISA（Agdia公司，印第安纳州埃尔克哈特）在爱达荷大学双子瀑布分校进行，双抗体夹心（DAS）ELISA在美国农业部农业研究局萨利纳斯实验室进行，使用针对BNYVV的抗血清（2）。基于吸光度值至少是健康对照的三倍，在两个地方的ELISA检测中，4个样本中有2个对BNYVV呈阳性。对2001年7月从距离第一个田地12.9公里的华盛顿州一块田地以及俄勒冈州博德曼附近哥伦比亚河对岸的一块田地采集的根进行了TAS - ELISA检测。两个田地的样本对BNYVV检测均呈阳性。所有这三个田地彼此距离都在24公里以内。基于症状学和ELISA检测，该地区随后又有另外4块田地被证实感染了BNYVV。该地区大约种植了3240公顷甜菜，由于这一确认结果已建议种植者种植抗病品种，并将甜菜与非寄主作物的轮作间隔期增加到至少4年。参考文献：（1）J. E. Duffus。根腐病。载于：《甜菜病虫害简编》。E. D. Whitney和J. E. Duffus编。美国植物病理学会，明尼苏达州圣保罗，1986年，第29 - 30页。（2）G. C. Wisler等人。《植物病害》83:864，1999年。
