通过社区参与式公民科学增强安全上学路线项目：美国加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉县低密度地区的两项试点调查。
Enhancing safe routes to school programs through community-engaged citizen science: two pilot investigations in lower density areas of Santa Clara County, California, USA.
机构信息
Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Santa Clara County, CA Public Health Department, Center for Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, San Jose, CA, 95126, USA.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2019 Mar 1;19(1):256. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6563-1.
BACKGROUND
While promoting active commuting to school can positively affect children's daily physical activity levels, effectively engaging community members to maximize program impact remains challenging. We evaluated the initial utility of adding a technology-enabled citizen science engagement model, called Our Voice, to a standard Safe Routes to School (SRTS) program to enhance program engagement activities and student travel mode behavior.
METHODS
In Investigation 1, a prospective controlled comparison design was used to compare the initial year of the Santa Clara County Public Health Department's SRTS program, with and without the Our Voice engagement model added, in two elementary schools in Gilroy, California, USA. School parents served as Our Voice citizen scientists in the SRTS + Our Voice school. In Investigation 2, the feasibility of the combined SRTS + Our Voice methods was evaluated in a middle school in the same district using students, rather than adults, as citizen scientists. Standard SRTS program engagement measures and student travel mode tallies were collected at the beginning and end of the school year for each school.
RESULTS
In the elementary school investigation (Investigation 1), the SRTS + Our Voice elementary school held twice as many first-year SRTS planning/encouragement events compared to the SRTS-Alone elementary school, and between-school changes in walking/biking to school rates favored the SRTS + Our Voice school (increases of 24.5% vs. 2.6%, P < .001). The Investigation 2 results supported the feasibility of using students to conduct SRTS + Our Voice in a middle school-age population.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings from this first-generation study indicated that adding a technology-enabled citizen science process to a standard elementary school SRTS program was associated with higher levels of community engagement and walking/biking to school compared to SRTS alone. The approach was also found to be acceptable and feasible in a middle school setting.
背景
虽然提倡积极的上学交通方式可以积极影响儿童的日常身体活动水平，但有效地让社区成员参与进来以最大限度地提高项目效果仍然具有挑战性。我们评估了在标准的“安全上学路”（SRTS）项目中增加一种名为“我们的声音”（Our Voice）的技术型公民科学参与模式的初步效果，以增强项目参与活动和学生出行模式行为。
方法
在研究 1 中，采用前瞻性对照比较设计，比较了美国加利福尼亚州吉尔罗伊市两所小学的圣克拉拉县公共卫生部 SRTS 项目的初始年度，以及在其中一所小学中增加“我们的声音”参与模式的情况。学校家长在“SRTS+我们的声音”学校中担任“我们的声音”公民科学家。在研究 2 中，在同一学区的一所中学中评估了结合使用 SRTS 和“我们的声音”方法的可行性，该方法使用学生而不是成年人作为公民科学家。在每个学校的学年开始和结束时，收集了标准的 SRTS 项目参与措施和学生出行模式的统计数据。
结果
在小学调查（研究 1）中，与仅实施 SRTS 的小学相比，实施“SRTS+我们的声音”的小学第一年举办了两倍多的 SRTS 规划/鼓励活动，且两校间步行/骑车上学率的变化有利于“SRTS+我们的声音”学校（增加了 24.5%对 2.6%，P<0.001）。研究 2 的结果支持在中学年龄段人群中使用学生开展“SRTS+我们的声音”的可行性。
结论
这项第一代研究的结果表明，在标准的小学 SRTS 项目中增加一个基于技术的公民科学流程与仅实施 SRTS 相比，与更高水平的社区参与度和步行/骑车上学率相关。该方法在中学环境中也被发现是可接受和可行的。
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