Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Br J Sports Med. 2020 May;54(10):573-581. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099889. Epub 2019 Mar 1.
To determine the effects of multi-ingredient protein (MIP) supplements on resistance exercise training (RT)-induced gains in muscle mass and strength compared with protein-only (PRO) or placebo supplementation.
Systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus.
Randomised controlled trials with interventions including RT ≥6 weeks in duration and a MIP supplement.
Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine the effect of supplementation on fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, one-repetition maximum (1RM) upper body and 1RM lower body muscular strength. Subgroup analyses compared the efficacy of MIP supplementation relative to training status and chronological age.
The most common MIP supplements included protein with creatine (n=17) or vitamin D (n=10). Data from 35 trials with 1387 participants showed significant (p<0.05) increases in FFM (0.80 kg (95% CI 0.44 to 1.15)), 1RM lower body (4.22 kg (95% CI 0.79 to 7.64)) and 1RM upper body (2.56 kg (95% CI 0.79 to 4.33)) where a supplement was compared with all non-MIP supplemented conditions (means (95% CI)). Subgroup analyses indicated a greater effect of MIP supplements compared with all non-MIP supplements on FFM in untrained (0.95 kg (95% CI 0.51 to 1.39), p<0.0001) and older participants (0.77 kg (95% CI 0.11 to 1.43), p=0.02); taking MIP supplements was also associated with gains in 1RM upper body (1.56 kg (95% CI 0.80 to 2.33), p=0.01) in older adults.
SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS: When MIP supplements were combined with resistance exercise training, there were greater gains in FFM and strength in healthy adults than in counterparts who were supplemented with non-MIP. MIP supplements were not superior when directly compared with PRO supplements. The magnitude of effect of MIP supplements was greater (in absolute values) in untrained and elderly individuals undertaking RT than it was in trained individuals and in younger people.
CRD42017081970.
确定多成分蛋白质（MIP）补充剂与仅蛋白质（PRO）或安慰剂补充剂相比，对抵抗运动训练（RT）引起的肌肉质量和力量增加的影响。
系统检索 MEDLINE、Embase、CINAHL 和 SPORTDiscus。
包括至少 6 周 RT 干预的随机对照试验，以及 MIP 补充剂。
采用随机效应荟萃分析来确定补充剂对去脂体重（FFM）、脂肪量、一次重复最大量（1RM）上体和 1RM 下体肌肉力量的影响。亚组分析比较了 MIP 补充剂相对于训练状态和年龄的疗效。
最常见的 MIP 补充剂包括蛋白质加肌酸（n=17）或维生素 D（n=10）。来自 35 项试验（1387 名参与者）的数据显示，FFM（0.80kg（95%置信区间 0.44 至 1.15））、1RM 下体（4.22kg（95%置信区间 0.79 至 7.64））和 1RM 上体（2.56kg（95%置信区间 0.79 至 4.33））有显著（p<0.05）增加，其中补充剂与所有非 MIP 补充剂条件相比（平均值（95%CI））。亚组分析表明，与所有非 MIP 补充剂相比，MIP 补充剂对未训练者（0.95kg（95%置信区间 0.51 至 1.39），p<0.0001）和老年人（0.77kg（95%置信区间 0.11 至 1.43），p=0.02）的 FFM 增加效果更大；在老年人中，服用 MIP 补充剂还与 1RM 上体增加（1.56kg（95%置信区间 0.80 至 2.33），p=0.01）有关。
总结/结论：当 MIP 补充剂与抵抗运动训练结合使用时，与接受非 MIP 补充剂的健康成年人相比，健康成年人的 FFM 和力量增加更大。当直接与 PRO 补充剂比较时，MIP 补充剂并没有优势。在接受 RT 的未训练和老年人中，MIP 补充剂的影响（绝对值）比在训练者和年轻人中更大。
CRD42017081970。
